T-55 tank: specifications, duab thiab keeb kwm ntawm creation
T-55 tank: specifications, duab thiab keeb kwm ntawm creation
Anonim

Lub Soviet T-55 tank yog tsim los ntawm 1958 txog 1979. Nws yog tus successor rau T-54 sib ntaus sib tua tsheb, tab sis surpasses nws nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Tus qauv tshiab yog qhov txawv los ntawm lub zog muaj zog ntau dua (traction nce tam sim ntawd los ntawm 60 horsepower). Lub cav upgraded ntawm T-55 tank ntxiv maneuverability rau lub tsheb. Kev txav mus los hauv lub tebchaws tau nce ntxiv.

cev t55
cev t55

Kev hloov kho tshiab ntxiv

Cov neeg tsim khoom tau ntsib nrog txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov qauv ntawm lub tank nrog kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua kom sai li sai tau. Raws li ib feem ntawm kev txhim kho ntxiv, cov khib nyiab ntxiv tau muab tso rau hauv lub nkoj, vim tias cov roj cia tau nce ntau. Cov mos txwv load ntawm rab phom loj tau nce los ntawm 34 mus rau 43 puag ncig. Hloov cov tshuab txais cua siv thaum pib lub cav, lub tshuab compressor tau teeb tsa. Lwm qhov tshiab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau tshwm sim hauv lub tank turret - Rosa tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws, uas, thaum qhib nplaim taws, pom qhov hluav taws kub tam sim ntawd thiab tua hluav taws nrog lub dav hlau qhia.hluav taws.

Radiation

Tab sis qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev teeb tsa ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv nuclear nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm Geiger cov txee uas sau cov qib ntawm X-ray hluav taws xob. Lub peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tank thaum lub sij hawm tawm tsam hluav taws xob tsis raug kev txom nyem, txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg coob tuaj yeem poob lub cev muaj peev xwm ua lawv txoj haujlwm. Rau cov laj thawj no, T-55 ntauwd tau thaiv los ntawm sab hauv nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb ua los ntawm cov hlau lead uas cuam tshuam gamma rays.

Me me anti-aircraft riam phom

Lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua xav tau kev tiv thaiv tag nrho, suav nrog kev tawm tsam los ntawm saum toj no. Txawm li cas los xij, sab nraum cov caj npab me me tau raug tshem tawm, txij li tus qauv tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tshuab rab phom ntawm DShKM hom, nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev nce nrawm ntawm cov tub rog dav hlau, tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kaum xyoo tom qab, thaum sib ntaus sib tua nyoob hoom qav taub nqa cov foob pob tawm tsam, lub tshuab rab phom tau rov qab los. Lub kiv cua-tsav tsheb tau ya qis, thiab nws tsis yooj yim los tua tus foob pob.

cev t55
cev t55

keeb kwm me ntsis

Tag nrho-teev serial zus tau tej cov T-55 tank twb launched nyob rau hauv lub USSR nyob rau hauv 1958 ntawm cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv No. 75, No. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog nees nkaum txhiab lub tsheb dov tawm ntawm cov kab sib dhos. Lub tank T-55, uas nws cov duab tau muab tso rau ntawm nplooj ntawv, tau dav xa tawm. Txhua lub tebchaws Warsaw Pact, nrog rau cov tebchaws Arab, txaus siab yuav lub tsheb sib tw ua niaj hnub Soviet.

Lub tank nruab nrab zoo T-55, tshwj tsis yog hauv USSR, tau pib tsim tawm hauv qee lub tebchaws ua phooj ywg rau Soviet Union. Qhov kev tso tawm tau launched nyob rau hauvPoland, nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm 1964 txog 1978 sau 1500 units. Hauv Romania, los ntawm 1970 txog 1977 - 400 tsheb sib ntaus sib tua. Hauv Czechoslovakia, ntawm lub Hoobkas hauv nroog Martin, los ntawm 1964 txog 1973, 1,700 units tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai.

T-55 tank: yam ntxwv

Tus qauv T-55 muaj ntau yam sib xws nrog nws cov thawj coj T-54, uas tau txiav txim siab qib siab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom seem, cov khoom sib dhos thiab cov khoom sib txuas. Cov nomenclature ntawm cov khoom txhawb nqa tau tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm ntev. Hauv qee cov ntaub ntawv, daim duab qhia kev thev naus laus zis thiab cov duab kos, lub tshuab tau raug xaiv los ua T-54/55 tank. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua los tsim cov qauv tshiab, txij li tag nrho cov txheej txheem sib dhos tau ua tiav lawm.

Txawm tias phau ntawv qhia rau T-55 tank sib haum rau txhua yam ntawm T-54. Ntau qhov kev txhim kho ntawm tus qauv tshiab muaj, raws li nws yog, cais los ntawm cov txheej txheem yooj yim, lawv cov dej num cuam tshuam nrog lub tshuab tsis ncaj. Lub tank T-55, cov duab kos uas tau theej los ntawm cov kev suav thawj ntawm nws cov thawj coj, yog qhov tseeb ntawm T-54.

Cov hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv pib ntawm T-55:

  • ntau tus neeg hauv pawg neeg - 4;
  • sib ntaus sib tua hnyav - 36.5 tons;
  • tank ntev nrog phom - 9000 mm;
  • lub cev ntev nkaus xwb - 6200mm;
  • siab raws txoj kab ntawm tus pej thuam - 2218 mm;
  • dav - 3270;
  • av clearance - 500mm;
  • hom phom loj - D10T2S / NP;
  • rab phom tshuab ntawm lub armor turret, ib rau pem hauv ntej, ib ntxaib, hom SGMT, calibre 7, 62 mm;
  • khoom siv sib ntaus sib tua - 43 txhaj tshuaj;
  • tshuab phom mos txwv - 3500 rounds;
  • fais fab nroj tsuag - hom B-54, diesel;
  • cav fais fab - 580 hp p.;
  • Nyob qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 50 km / h ntawm txoj kev pav.
  • zog cia - 480 km;
  • tshwj xeeb siab - 0.81 kg / cm 2;
  • ntseeg kov yeej obstacles - ntsug phab ntsa, qhov siab - 0.8 meters; trench, dav - 2.7 meters;
  • overcoming the ford - 1.5 meters;
  • descent - 30 degrees;
  • nce - 32 degrees.

Lub T-55 tank, cov yam ntxwv uas tau txhim kho tas li, yog lub tsheb sib tw nrov tshaj plaws ntawm tsib caug xyoo nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe.

tank t55 yam
tank t55 yam

Kev hloov kho

Xyoo 1961, T-62 tau tsim los ntawm T-55 nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo dua. Tus qauv tau tsim ib txhij nrog T-55 txog 1983. Tom qab ntawd ib qho kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ua tiav, thiab yog li kev hloov kho tshiab tau tshwm sim: T-55M, T-55AM, thiab T-62M, uas tau txawv los ntawm kev txhim kho hluav taws xob thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntau dua yam tsis muaj kev txav mus los. Kev tiv thaiv Passive muaj cov cuab yeej ntxiv, kev ua haujlwm muaj xws li Drozd complex nrog ob lub mortars loaded nrog ib khub ntawm 107-mm shells txhua, nrog rau hnyav anti-aircraft tshuab phom. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua tub rog, cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau muab ob lub chaw radar ywj pheej.

Tom qab ntawd, T-55M lub tank tau nruab nrog ntau dua 9K116 Bastion coj riam phom, thiab Sheksna tau teeb tsa rau T-62M nrogcov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws, tab sis ntau dynamic hauv kev ua. Ob lub tsev no tau nruab nrog 100mm phom phom phom thiab rab phom 115mm smoothbore. Txhaj tshuaj ntawm thawj lub chim - coj missile 9M117. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov projectile yog multistage, nrog rau kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Lub missile yog coj los ntawm semi-automatic laser guidance system.

ntsuas ntsuas

Ntxiv rau cov riam phom uas tawm tsam, T-55M tank tau nruab nrog KTD-2 rangefinder, BV-55 ballistic computer, 32PV-TShSM pom thiab M1 Meteor stabilizer. Lub tank T-62 yog nruab nrog 41PV-TShSM pom thiab BV-62 ballistics computer. Laser rangefinders ntawm ob lub tank npog qhov deb ntawm 500 txog 4000 meters nrog qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb txog li 10 meters.

Ballistic khoos phis tawj muab lub kaum ntse ntse tsis siv neeg nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv coj mus rau sab nraud thaum tua cov phom loj, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem suav cov trajectory ntawm missile coj.

Ib rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thaum tua nyob rau hauv kab rov tav kev pom tuaj yeem khi rau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov khoos phis tawj ballistic, tab sis cov kev taw qhia ntawm hluav taws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ntau dua los ntawm kev soj ntsuam pom.

cev t5455
cev t5455

Flaws

Ib tug loj-caliber anti-aircraft phom mounted rau ib tug turret yog muab nrog peb puas rounds ntawm mos mos txwv nyob rau hauv txoj siv sia nyob rau hauv lub thawv. Tus neeg tua phom raug qhia kom tua hluav taws hauv qhov tawg me me, txij li lub thoob nyias thiab ntev ntawm rab phom tshuab tuaj yeem ua kom sov tsis sib xws los ntawm qhov tawg ntev thiabdeform. Txhawm rau kom qhov kub thiab txias, lub tshav kub tiv thaiv tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub cuab yeej.

Booking

Ntxiv rau qhov kev tiv thaiv uas twb muaj lawm, T-55 tank tau hloov kho tshiab ob peb zaug thoob plaws hauv nws qhov kev tsim khoom raws li nws qhov kev txhawb zog. Lub sijhawm kawg ntxiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau teeb tsa hauv xyoo 1985. Lub Upper Frontal sector yog duplicated nrog nplooj ntawv 30 mm tuab. Ntxiv armor yog nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub embrasure ntawm lub ntsiab phom, ze rau lub chim. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm nws inclination implies qhov kev xav ntawm ib tug yeeb ncuab projectiles, tshwj tsis yog rau cov cumulative sawv daws yuav, cov kev puas tsuaj uas yuav tsis tau neutralized.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev lub tank T-55M tau nruab nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv roj hmab-ntaub cov ntxaij vab tshaus, uas tau muab tso rau hauv ob peb txheej raws tag nrho pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo li no tau lees paub ncaj qha los ntawm kev sim ntawm qhov chaw. Cov phiaj xwm raug rho tawm los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 150 meters, tsoo rau hauv roj hmab "mats", poob li ntawm peb caug feem pua ntawm lawv lub zog, thiab cov txheej tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv armor tseem nyob tsis muaj qhov.

cev t55
cev t55

khoom siv ua haujlwm

Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm T-55 tank tau muab rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Lub hom phiaj yog khaws cia lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg. Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm tau nruab nrog tshwj xeeb cov tsho tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, txhua lub rooj zaum kuj tau them los ntawm txhua sab nrog cov hlau lead hauv cov ntaub qhwv.

Qhov chaw tsav tsheb los ntawm hauv qab yog ntxiv nrog 20 mm armor daim hlau, uas yog welded rau hauv qab. Nws hloov tawm txoj kev tiv thaiv kuv. Tus so ntawm cov neeg coob nyob rau ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj nyob rau hauv lub rear, qhov chaw nyab xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw intra-turret.

Means of camouflage

T-55 lub tank, thaij duab hauv suab puam, qhia txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm camouflage. Cov armor ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua, pleev xim rau hauv cov xuab zeb xim, tso cai rau koj los ua ke nrog ib puag ncig. Lub tank dhau los ua qhov tsis paub meej rau cov neeg saib yeeb ncuab, thiab nws cov neeg ua haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua tuaj yeem siv qhov no los hloov nws qhov chaw, nrog rau kev tawm tsam tsis tu ncua.

Lwm tus qauv

Rau camouflage nyob rau hauv European toj roob hauv pes, camouflage yog siv, ntsuab-grey xim los yog ib daim phiaj ntawm tib xim, stretched tshaj qhov chaw ntawm lub tank. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, lub tshuab luam yeeb yog siv, uas tuaj yeem ua tau txhua lub sijhawm ua tsaug rau tus qauv 902B ntaus ntawv nyob rau sab xis ntawm tus pej thuam. Lub kaw lus muaj yim lub foob pob hluav taws uas eject 81 mm pa taws grenades. Qhov chaw haus luam yeeb tso cai rau koj los npog tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub tank, tab sis kuj rau ntau lub infantry units uas koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, muab cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj cov cuab yeej ua pa. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li no yog qhov tsis ntseeg.

Qhov chaw pa luam yeeb thaum pib plaub nqi hauv ib lub gulp yog 120 meters dav thiab 8 meters siab. Lub tso tawm ntawm ib lub grenade npog ib cheeb tsam nrog ib lub vojvoog ntawm 60 meters nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tank. Cov pa luam yeeb grenades yog qhib los ntawm lub teeb liab los ntawm lub tank commander lub console. Lub kaw lus tsuas muaj ib qho teeb meem - thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua, reloading rab phom pa luam yeeb yog tsis yooj yim sua, vim hais tias rau qhov no koj yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm lub tank turret thiab siv ob peb feeb rau qhib armor, uas yog heev txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv lub tank.yeeb ncuab crossfire. Tab sis qee cov neeg ua haujlwm tau pom txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej nyuaj. Tus neeg tua neeg nkag mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej cuab tam thaum lub sijhawm muaj pa taws loj tshaj plaws los ntawm kev ua ntawm ob lub grenades kawg, thaum pom kev tsis zoo, thiab rov ua haujlwm dua.

cev t55
cev t55

T-72 tank

Nyob rau xyoo 1967, kev txhim kho ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws, kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog ntawm USSR tau pib, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv xyoo 1973 thiab tam sim no tau ua haujlwm hauv Lavxias lub tank rog. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv, lub T-72 surpasses tag nrho cov yav dhau los kev hloov kho los ntawm qeb ntawm armored combat tsheb. Qhov sib txawv ntawm T-55 thiab T72 nyob rau hauv qhov ntau dua firepower ntawm tom kawg, tag nrho ntev ntawm lub xya caum-ob yog 9530 mm piv rau 9000 mm rau lub T-55. Cov neeg coob ntawm T-72 tsuas muaj peb tus neeg xwb, cov dej num uas ua kom lub neej ntawm lub tshuab tau muab faib ua ib feem ntawm peb yam tsis muaj kev ntxub ntxaug rau kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Qauv ntawm Soviet T-55 tank

Nws hloov tawm tias muaj ob npaug hauv kev lag luam tank. Txawm tias ua ntej lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR, lub T-55A tank tau tsim nyob rau hauv East Germany. Qhov no yuav luag tag nrho analogue ntawm Soviet T-54/55. Cov Germans tsis tau pib loj hlob ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob, vim nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau lawv vim nyiaj txiag. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tank rog ntawm GDR tsis xav tau ntau lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua, rau qhov nws tsim nyog pib tsim khoom loj.

Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv Soviet Union, yuav luag tib lub tank tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau, thiab tom qab kev sib tham luv luv, tus qauv German pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub USSR nyob rau hauv parallel nrog. Soviet tanks. T-55 A, lub tank German ntawm cov chav nruab nrab, tau muab cov khoom me me rau cov tub rog ntawm GDR. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus qauv tsis yog phem, lub tsheb yog txawv los ntawm ib tug muaj zog turret, zoo maneuverability thiab ib tug high-precision phom. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau pheej yig rau sab German, txij li cov kev nom kev tswv ntawm qhov project tau muab coj los rau hauv tus account, East Germany yog lub sijhawm ntawd yog "tus phooj ywg" ntawm USSR.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub tank t 55 thiab t72
Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub tank t 55 thiab t72

qauv

Lub T-55 lub tank tau suav tias yog cov khoom siv los ua qauv hauv kev ua tub rog. Craftsmen siv cov duab ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua nrov los tsim cov ntawv me me uas zoo ib yam nkaus li tus thawj. Lub kitography ntawm xws li ib tug qauv li T-54/55 tank yog ib tug tag nrho series ntawm cov qauv kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug scale ntawm 1:35 nrog rau elaboration ntawm cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws. Cov qauv ntawm T-55 tank yog suav tias yog qhov nthuav tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim khoom tom qab Asmeskas Sherman.

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