CVT kis tau tus mob: txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tus tswv tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus hloov pauv

2024 Tus sau: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-19 16:10

Thaum yuav lub tsheb (tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tshiab), ntau tus neeg tsav tsheb ntsib cov lus nug ntawm kev xaiv lub gearbox. Thiab yog tias txhua yam ntau dua lossis tsawg dua nrog cov cav (diesel lossis roj av), ces qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev sib kis tsuas yog loj. Cov no yog mechanics, tsis siv neeg, tiptronic thiab neeg hlau. Txhua tus ntawm lawv ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev thiab muaj nws tus kheej tsim nta. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias CVT yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob hauv kev faib tawm tom qab tsis siv neeg kis. Xws li kev sib kis feem ntau pom ntawm ob lub tsheb Asian thiab European. Hauv tsab xov xwm niaj hnub no, peb yuav saib seb tus tswv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm CVT gearbox yog dab tsi, nws ua haujlwm li cas, nws cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov cuam tshuam dab tsi.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias CVT tau tshwm sim ntawm kev lag luam Lavxias tsis ntev los no. Thiab yog tias muaj coob tus neeg paub txog lub tshuab, ces cov minuses thiab pluses ntawm CVT lub thawv yog deb ntawm txhua tus paub. Tab sis tsis txhob ntshai ntawm variator. Nws yog ib qho kev kis tau zoo heev.tshuaj xyuas hais.

yam ntxwv

Yog li CVT txhais li cas? Qhov no yog ib yam ntawm cov tsheb kis tau tus mob, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm uas yog smoothly hloov torque ntawm lub flywheel mus rau lub tsav mechanisms (thiab, vim li ntawd, mus rau lub log) ntawm lub tsheb. Tsis muaj iav hloov li ntawd. Yog li, CVT tseem hu ua kev sib kis tsis tu ncua. Lub gearbox no muab kev hloov pauv ntawm lub iav piv hauv qhov ntau teev los ntawm lub computer. Tus nqi ntawm torque nyob ntawm seb koj nias lub accelerator pedal nyuaj npaum li cas.

Ua tsaug rau tus qauv tsim tshwj xeeb, lub thawv zoo li no tuaj yeem siv lub zog ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv kom ua tau zoo raws li qhov ua tau raws li qhov ua tau zoo vim yog kev sib koom ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom thauj ntawm lub tsheb nrog lub crankshaft ceev. Yog li, roj efficiency siab yog tiav. Tsis tas li ntawm cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog sau cia yog qhov hloov pauv hauv torque. Ntawd yog, lub tsheb khaws nrawm yam tsis muaj kev poob siab thiab jerks. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib tw ntawm kev caij tsheb.

Tab sis nws tsim nyog sau cia tias CVTs muaj zog txwv. Nyob rau hauv kev pom ntawm no, xws li ib lub thawv yog siv nyob rau hauv tsheb thiab crossovers. Ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm qhov no yog Nissan X-Trail CVT gearbox. Vans thiab tsheb hnyav tsis siv qhov kis no.

Type

Hnub no muaj ntau hom CVT:

• Nrog V-siv (qee zaus V-chain) kis tau tus mob.
• Toroid type.

90 feem pua ntawm tshebCVT ntawm thawj qeb yog siv. Cov cuab yeej thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob hom gearboxes yuav raug txiav txim siab hauv qab no. Los ntawm txoj kev, thawj V-siv siv CVT tshwm sim ntawm Daf neeg nrog caij tsheb nyob rau hauv lub lig 50s. Tom qab ntawd lawv pib muab lub thawv zoo sib xws rau Ford thiab Fiat. Tam sim no CVT yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov thawv los ntawm txhua lub chaw tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb:

• "Mercedes-Benz".
• NYIAJ Toyota.
• "Audi".
• "Subaru".
• NYIAJ Honda.
• "Opel".
• Y"Mitsubishi".
• Chrysler.
• "Nauj".

Raws li toroid CVTs, lawv tau siv ntawm Nissans. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas, qhov chaw kuaj xyuas no kim heev los tswj.

Device

Tus tsim CVT suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Mechanism uas ua kom muaj kev sib kis ntawm torque thiab sib cais ntawm lub gearbox los ntawm lub cav combustion sab hauv.
• Variable kis tau tus mob.
• hluav taws xob tswj qhov system.
• Mechanism uas ua kom lub tsheb txav rov qab.

Tag nrho cov khoom no tau muab ntim rau hauv ib rooj plaub hlau. Qhov no gearbox yog ntsia zoo ib yam li ib tug pa gearbox - qab lub engine flywheel. Txhawm rau hloov lub zog thiab tshem tawm qhov sib kis, ib qho ntawm peb hom clutch tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim:

• Tsis siv neeg centrifugal clutch.
• Torque converter.
• Electronically tswj ntub dej ntau lub phaj clutch.

Hom nrov tshaj plaws niaj hnub no yog lub zog hloov pauv. Qhov no mechanism muab ib tug du kis tau tus mob ntawm torque. Tsis tas li ntawd, CVTs nrog GTF yog qhov txawv ntawm cov peev txheej siab piv rau lwm cov CVTs - tshuaj xyuas hais.

Belt drive

Qhov no yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb uas ua rau lub variator ua haujlwm. V-siv hom CVT tuaj yeem muaj ib lossis ob txoj siv tawv. Ib tug tshwj xeeb pulley cuam tshuam nrog lawv. Nws tsim ob conical disks. Cov discs no tuaj yeem nthuav dav thiab thim rov qab tau. Qhov no ua kom paub tseeb tias txoj kab uas hla pulley raug kho. Txhawm rau txo qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav quab yuam, hydraulic siab thiab centrifugal quab yuam yog siv. Raws li txoj cai, lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm cov discs yog 20 degrees. Qhov no xyuas kom meej tias txoj siv sia khiav nrog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws tiv thaiv thoob plaws lub pulley nto.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias thawj qhov kev hloov pauv nrog kev sib kis zoo li no muaj peev txheej tsawg ntawm 50 txhiab mais. Lawv kuj muaj qhov yooj yim me ntsis (qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub vojvoog - 90 millimeters) thiab tswj tsis txaus. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv niaj hnub CVTs, siv ib tug hlau saj zawg zog siv, uas yog ua los ntawm kaum strips ntawm hlau, uas yog interconnected los ntawm zoo li tus qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm butterflies. Lub torque yog kis tau los ntawm kev sib txhuam quab yuam uas tshwm sim ntawm sab saum npoo ntawm txoj siv thiab lub rubey. Cov qauv no yog qhov ruaj khov thiab yoog raws. Qhov tsawg kawg yog khoov vojvoog yog 30 millimeters. Txawm li cas los xij, cov thawv no tsis yogUa suab nrov, raws li tau hais los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.

CVT V-Chain

Audi thiab Subaru variant thawv siv cov saw hlau. Nws yog nws uas yog lub ntsiab tsav tsheb thiab ua haujlwm ntawm txoj siv sia. Cov saw hlau yog ob peb daim hlau uas sib cuam tshuam los ntawm axes. Lawv muaj ib tug dabtsi yog khoov vojvoog ntawm 25 mm. Nyob rau hauv no tsim, lub torque yog kis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov conical disks ntawm lub kawg lub ntsej muag ntawm cov saw. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov discs lawv tus kheej yog heev ruaj thiab yog ua los ntawm bearing steel. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, V-chain variator muab qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nrog qhov poob qis tshaj.

Rov qab iav

Vim yog cov qauv tsim, lub thawv no tsis tuaj yeem muab rov qab stroke. Thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi tsav yog siv - siv los yog saw. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xws li ib tug tsheb muaj ib tug rov qab iav, lub planetary gearbox yog siv nyob rau hauv tsim. Nws ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub gearbox hauv kev sib kis tsis siv neeg.

Lub CVT tswj qhov system kuj suav nrog tus lej xaiv. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub alarm, thiab nws yog nrog nws hais tias tus tsav tsheb xaiv lub xav kis tau tus mob hom.

CVT txoj cai ua haujlwm

Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej lawm, lub zog torque kis tau los ntawm kev siv cov saw hlau lossis siv txoj hlua sib kis. CVT kis tau tus mob ua haujlwm li cas? Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm CVT kis tau tus mob yog hloov txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov disks nyob ntawm lub cav load. Thaum pib ntawm kev txav mus los, tus tsav rub lub cev muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla. Hauv qhov no, cov disks raug decompressed los ntawmsiab kawg. Lub tshuab tsav tsheb muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla. Nrog rau kev nce hauv qhov nrawm thiab nrawm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav hloov txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub pulleys txheeb ze rau ib leeg. Yog li, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov tsav disk txo qis, thiab cov thawj disk nce. Qhov no tso cai rau koj txo cov iav piv. Yog li ntawd, lub tsheb khaws ceev heev. Thaum lub sij hawm acceleration, lub variator tswj qhov zoo ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm revolutions ntawm lub internal combustion engine (nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm peb txhiab). Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev nrawm nrawm yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam roj kev lag luam.

About the Nissan box

Cov tsheb no, raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, siv toroid hloov pauv hloov pauv. Nws koom li cas? Xws li ib lub thawv muaj xws li ob shafts nrog ib tug spherical nto. Cov menyuam tshwj xeeb yog clamped nruab nrab ntawm qhov kawg. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm xws li ib lub thawv yog yooj yim heev. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev hloov txoj hauj lwm ntawm rollers txheeb ze rau ib leeg nyob rau hauv toroidal nto. Kev sib kis ntawm torque yog ua los ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm cov chais thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub log.

Puas yog siv CVT? Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo yog teev hauv qab no.

txiaj ntsig

Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm CVT-lub thawv hauv kev nrawm nrawm. Tom qab tag nrho, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nws tus kheej xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws torque thiab iav piv. Lub tsheb nrog CVT muaj cov yam ntxwv ceev zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm qhov zoo ntawm CVT gearbox, tshuaj xyuas nco ntsoov siv roj tsawg. Nws yog nyob rau theem ntawm mechanics, txawm lub fact tias tag nrho cov system ua hauj lwm zoo li ib tug automaton. Lwm qhov zoo dua tau sau tseg los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas yog qhov smoothness ntawm kev caij tsheb. Vim nyob rau hauvtsis muaj zog, jerks thiab shocks raug tshem tawm tag nrho thaum lub sij hawm acceleration. Lwm qhov ntxiv yog kev ua haujlwm siab. Nws yog 10 feem pua ntau tshaj qhov tsis siv neeg kis tau tus mob classic.

Teeb meem thiab qhov pitfalls

Ntawm cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub thawv no, tshuaj xyuas nco ntsoov kev saib xyuas siab. Txhua txhua 60 txhiab kilometers nws yog tsim nyog los hloov cov roj nyob rau hauv no kis tau tus mob. Ntxiv mus, tsuas yog siv cov khoom qub, txij li qhov tsis zoo analogue tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub neej ntawm cov txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, hydraulic blocks clogs nyob rau hauv lub thawv. Raws li qhov no, lub twj tso kua mis tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov roj siab hauv lub cev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim - slipping ntawm shafts. Cov tom kawg tsis tuaj yeem qhib / clamp txoj siv lossis saw tsav. Thiab thaum slipping, lub ntsiab tsav heats li ho thiab hnav tawm. Nrog rau kev thauj khoom siab, txoj siv yuav txawm tawg, kev tshuaj xyuas hais. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau kho lub thawv kim kim. Cov iav ncej kuj tuaj yeem ua pob. Qhov no tseem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab tsav. Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov muaj ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm ib qho thaiv, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj tag nrho cov kis tau tus mob. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev kom nrhiav tau tus tswv txawj ntse uas tawg hauv lub variator (kom deb li deb cov thawv no tsis muaj nyob hauv Russia). Koj yuav tsum mus rau tus neeg muag khoom thiab them nyiaj ntau heev.

Zoo, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov peev txheej sib kis. Yog hais tias ib tug pa tsis siv neeg kis tau tus mob khiav 300 (thiab cov qub 4-ceev qauv ntau dua) kilometers tsis muaj teeb meem, ces tus variator yuav saib xyuas ntawm ob.sij hawm tsawg. Thiab qhov no yuav raug hloov cov roj raws sijhawm.

Qhov twg zoo dua: tsis siv neeg lossis CVT?

Ntawm no yog cov kws tshaj lij tau hais txog nws. Yog hais tias lub tsheb yog tshiab thiab nyob rau hauv warranty, koj yuav xyuam xim nqa nws nrog ib tug sib txawv gearbox. Feem ntau lub warranty xaus ntawm 100-150 txhiab. Ntawd yog, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev npaj tsis ua haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem kho qhov teeb meem ib txwm dawb. Tab sis yog tias koj tab tom yuav ib lub tsheb hauv kev lag luam thib ob, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau kev sib kis tsis siv neeg.

Raws li txoj cai, cov tsheb tau muag ntawm "thib ob" twb tau zoo nkauj "nyuaj" CVTs thiab nws tsuas yog tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los coj lawv. Kev sib kis tsis siv neeg muaj peev xwm ntev, thiab yog tias tsim nyog kho, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv txhua qhov kev cob qhia. Tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav twv yuav raug qis dua piv rau cov variator, thiab ob peb zaug qis dua.

Zoo kawg

Yog li, peb tau saib qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm CVT gearbox, nrog rau nws ua haujlwm li cas. CVT kis tau tus mob yog ntau tshaj technologically tshaj li tsis siv neeg kis tau tus mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev qhia txog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm kev tuav lub thawv thiab nws cov peev txheej. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog ib txwm ua rau lub tsheb nrog xws li kev sib kis. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tawg, koj yuav tau siv tsawg kawg yog ib puas txhiab rubles los kho nws. Txawm tias cov phom tshuab tuag feem ntau tuaj yeem coj rov qab los rau lub neej kom siab tshaj 60-70 txhiab. Thiab ces nws yuav ua hauj lwm tsawg kawg yog 200-300 txhiab kilometers, cov tswv hais.