Electro-turbine: cov yam ntxwv, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ua-nws-koj tus kheej cov lus qhia kev teeb tsa thi

Cov txheej txheem:

Electro-turbine: cov yam ntxwv, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ua-nws-koj tus kheej cov lus qhia kev teeb tsa thi
Electro-turbine: cov yam ntxwv, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ua-nws-koj tus kheej cov lus qhia kev teeb tsa thi
Anonim

Nrog rau kev nruj ib puag ncig cov cai, automakers raug yuam kom tsim txoj hauv kev los txhim kho cov phooj ywg ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cav thaum tswj kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, yuam induction systems tau dhau los ua dav. Whereas yav dhau los lawv tau siv los ua kom cov khoom tsim tau, tam sim no lawv tau siv los ua kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Ua tsaug rau supercharging, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo ib yam li ntawm cov tshuab cua hauv cua, nrog tsawg lub tog raj kheej thiab lub ntim me me. Ntawd yog, cov tshuab supercharged muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ob qho tib si sib cais (lub tshuab hluav taws xob) thiab ua ke nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv (hybrid fais fab nroj tsuag). Kab lus no tham txog hluav taws xob turbines uas muab cov kev qhia no.

Cov yam ntxwv dav dav

Tsis yog-hluav taws xob yuam induction systems raws li lub zog qhov chaw muab faib ua turbochargers thiab superchargers. Cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsim rau lawv thiab tsom mus txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv.txheej txheem thiab txo qis lags.

Forced induction system
Forced induction system

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob, raws li Honeywell, yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tau tsav los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob supercharged. Ntawd yog, qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv ntxiv rau lub cav turbo. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob turbine yog ib qho analogue ntawm lub tshuab turbine. Kev tsav tsheb hauv qhov no tuaj yeem siv tau ntau txoj hauv kev.

Raws li kev faib tawm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of Wisconsin-Madison, cov tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm kev quab yuam induction yog sib txawv rau hauv cov hom hauv qab no los ntawm kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm:

  • fais fab tshuab (EC/ET/ES);
  • turbines nrog hluav taws xob pab (EAT);
  • hluav taws xob sib cais turbines (EST);
  • turbines nrog ntxiv hluav taws xob tsav compressor (TEDC).

Tsim

Cov hom hluav taws xob saum toj no muaj qhov sib txawv. Qhov no yog nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv layouts ntawm lub Cheebtsam, nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv technical parameters, etc.

EC

EC yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tau tsav compressor. Qhov no yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tau hais los saum no. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob muab qhov kev tswj tau yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm compressor ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog.

Hluav taws xob compressor
Hluav taws xob compressor

EAT

Nyob rau hauv noj, lub tshuab hluav taws xob siab ceev yog nruab nrab ntawm lub cav thiab compressor, feem ntau ntawm lub ncej. Vim lub fact tias nws tsis yog lub ntsiab ntawm lub zog, yog sivcov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg. Qhov no ua rau tus nqi qis. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li turbochargers muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas tus kheej ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub rotor thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsim khoom zoo thiab muaj peev xwm tsav tsheb. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws tau teeb tsa hauv tsev.

Turbine nrog hluav taws xob pab
Turbine nrog hluav taws xob pab

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los daws nws. Piv txwv li, BMW tau teeb tsa cov clutches kom tso cai rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob txuas thiab txiav tawm ntawm cov ncej. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem muab tso rau sab nraum lub turbine. G + L inotec siv lub tshuab hlau nplaum tas mus li nrog lub dav hlau loj, uas tuaj yeem nyob sab nraud. Sab hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm stator yog sib npaug rau sab nraud ntawm lub compressor, thiab sab nraud ntawm lub rotor yog sib npaug rau lub qhov hluav taws xob txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub ncej. Qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua tuaj yeem ua raws li huab cua nkag. Qhov no muab qhov zoo ntawm cov cua txias, inertia thiab thermal nyhuv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm thermal stability thiab thermal tswj, induction hluav taws xob motors nrog sib txawv magnetic tsis kam, universal collector motors yog ntau dua nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog ib tug lub cev muaj zog nrog nto mus tas li hlau nplaum.

EST

Nyob rau hauv EST, lub turbine thiab compressor tsis txuas nrog ib tug ncej, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv yog nruab nrog ib tug hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog. Qhov no tso cai rau lub compressor thiab turbine log ua haujlwm ntawm qhov sib txawv. Qhov kev tsim no muaj qhov zoo sib xws rau ET, tab sis, tsis zoo li nws, muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, nwsNws muaj cov nyhuv thermal tsawg vim yog kev sib cais ntawm lub compressor thiab turbine, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj ntxiv inertia ntawm lub turbine thiab nws ncej. Sib cais lub turbine thiab compressor yog qhov zoo los ntawm kev ntim cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov pom, vim nws tso cai rau txoj hauv kev zoo rau huab cua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov thev naus laus zis no tseem xav tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj zog, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom ua tau raws li qhov sib piv torque / inertia, uas los ntawm tus nqi.

Hluav taws xob sib cais turbine
Hluav taws xob sib cais turbine

TEDC

TEDC yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntxiv uas tau tsav los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Raws li qhov chaw ntawm lub compressor txheeb ze rau lub turbine, cov tshuab no tau muab faib ua cov kev xaiv sab saud thiab qis qis (saum toj thiab hauv qab lub turbine, feem). Feem ntau, lawv muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm "hauv qab" vim yog kev ywj pheej ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm inertia ntawm lub turbine thiab ncej. Ntxiv mus, downstream TEDCs yog superior nyob rau hauv no hais txog cov kev xaiv upstream vim qhov tseeb hais tias tom kawg yog characterized los ntawm ib tug loj ntim los tuav lub siab. Lwm qhov zoo ntawm hom hluav taws xob turbines no yog qhov sib txawv me me ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab.

Turbine nrog ntxiv hluav taws xob tsav compressor
Turbine nrog ntxiv hluav taws xob tsav compressor

Txoj hauv paus ntsiab lus

Cov hom hluav taws xob saum toj no txawv ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Yog li, tus tsav yog siv txawv, qee qhov muaj peev xwm tsim tau lub zog, thiab lwm yam.

EC

Nyob hauv EC, lub compressor yog tsav los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Xws li ib qho system tsis muaj peev xwm tsim lub zog, tab sis rau nwskhaws cia tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob.

EAT

Nyob rau hauv noj ntawm qis rpm, lub tshuab hluav taws xob muab lub zog ntxiv rau lub compressor los txhawb kev txhawb siab. Ntawm qhov "sab saum toj" nws tsim lub zog uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov chaw cia. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub turbine kom dhau nws qhov kev txwv ceev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nyhuv siab rov qab tuaj yeem tshwm sim, uas them rau lub zog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov pa tso pa.

Vim qhov muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm cov pa tawm, xws li turbochargers hu ua hybrid. Ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb, nyob ntawm lub voj voog tsav tsheb, lawv tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau pua watts rau kW. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los hloov lub alternator thaum txuag roj.

EST

Nyob rau hauv EST, lub zog ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide tsis tsav lub compressor ncaj qha, tab sis hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Lub compressor yog tsav los ntawm lub zog khaws cia.

TEDC

Hauv TEDC, lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntxiv uas tau tsav los ntawm nws ua haujlwm los ua kom muaj zog ntawm "hauv qab".

Tsim thiab ua haujlwm sib txawv

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab hluav taws xob ntawm kev quab yuam induction yog ua ke los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of Wisconsin-Madison hauv daim duab thiab daim duab. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia cov duab kos ntawm lawv lub cuab yeej (a - EAT, b - EC, c - EST, d - TEDC sab sauv, e - TEDC downstream).

Forced induction hluav taws xob systems
Forced induction hluav taws xob systems

Lub rooj qhia txog cov kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm lub cuab yeej. Cov no suav nrog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog, lub zog ntawm lub compressor, lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zoo xws li qhov ntev thiab qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Type EC EAT EST TEDC
Power source roj teeb Cov pa hluav taws xob / roj teeb Cov pa hluav taws xob / roj teeb Cov pa hluav taws xob / roj teeb
Lub zog ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab inverter High qis High qis
Tsub kub nyhuv qis High qis qis
Size Small Medium Big Big
Electric turbine No Yes Yes No
Turbo-electric compressor tsav No Yes No No

Yog li, EAT thiab EST thev naus laus zis yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. EC raws li nws yogsau tseg - ib qho kev sib cais, TEDC - cov pa turbocharging system nruab nrog nws.

pros and cons

Turbine tsav los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshem tawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuab turbochargers.

  • Tsis muaj lag luam vim lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tig lub rotor ceev heev.
  • Tsis muaj turbo lag tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj cov pa tawm, txij li qhov no lub tshuab hluav taws xob them nyiaj rau qhov tsis muaj zog.
  • Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tso cai rau koj kom muaj zog thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv xws li kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam yam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kawg.
  • Qhov no muab ntau yam kev khiav haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm zoo ib yam.
  • Qee yam ntawm cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob, txo cov load ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab txo cov roj noj.
  • Kev rov qab los ntawm lub zog ploj yog ua tau, raws li Ferrari tau siv hauv Formula 1 lub cav.
  • Electro-turbines ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej maj mam thiab qis dua (100 txhiab hloov 200-300 txhiab).

Txawm li cas los xij, lub tshuab no muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo.

  • Kev tsim qauv zoo nrog rau lub cev muaj zog thiab cov tswj.
  • Qhov no ua rau tus nqi siab.
  • Ntxiv rau, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim cuam tshuam rau kev ntseeg tau.
  • Vim muaj ntau tus qauv tsim (ntxiv rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob, qhov no suav nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov tswj hwm, roj teeb), cov turbochargers no loj dua thiab hnyav dua li cov pa.

Ntxiv rau, txhua hom hluav taws xob turbine yog tus yam ntxwvtshwj xeeb nta.

Type EC EAT EST TEDC upstream TEDC downstream
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
  • Control yooj;
  • layout yooj;
  • tsis muaj ncej inertia;
  • tsis muaj khib nyiab;
  • no backpressure
  • Compact;
  • qis lub cev muaj zog thiab inverter;
  • tsis muaj khib nyiab
  • Control yooj;
  • layout yooj;
  • tsis muaj ncej inertia;
  • tsis muaj khib nyiab
  • Yooj yim rau nruab;
  • tsis muaj ncej inertia;
  • qis lub cev muaj zog thiab inverter;
  • txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua
  • teb zoo dua qub;
  • easy to install;
  • qis lub cev muaj zog thiab inverter;
  • txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua
Flaws
  • Lub cev muaj zog siab thiab inverter;
  • low efficiency
  • Yuav tsum tau txias ntxiv;
  • ntxiv ncej inertia;
  • boost acceleration txwv vim rov qab siab
  • Lub cev muaj zog siab thiab inverter;
  • zog poob thaum hloov dua siab tshiab;
  • limitboost boost vim rov qab siab;
  • xav tau qhov chaw teeb tsa ntxiv
  • Tsis nrawm nrawm teb;
  • xav tau qhov chaw teeb tsa ntxiv;
  • low efficiency
  • Yuav tsum muaj chaw teeb tsa ntxiv;
  • low efficiency

Hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntev, raws li IHI, hluav taws xob turbines yuav sib npaug rau cov neeg kho tshuab vim kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv tib yam kev mob hauv hom mos ntau dua nrog kev tsim ntau dua.

Kev sib tw

Txawm tias muaj kev ua tau zoo, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tam sim no tsis tau siv dav hauv cov tsheb loj. Qhov no yog vim lawv cov nqi siab thiab complexity. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhim kho versions ntawm cov tshuab turbines (twin scroll thiab variable geometry) muaj qhov zoo sib xws ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv thawj zaug (txawm hais tias tsawg dua) ntawm tus nqi qis dua. Tam sim no EST siv Ferrari hauv Formula 1 lub cav. Raws li Honeywell, kev siv loj ntawm hluav taws xob turbines yuav pib thaum pib ntawm kaum xyoo tom ntej. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias hluav taws xob superchargers twb tau siv rau qee lub tsheb tsim khoom, xws li Honda Clarity, vim lawv yooj yim dua.

Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab ua haujlwm hauv tsev

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum, yooj yim, pheej yig cov cav tov zoo li lub computer txias, kuj hu ua hluav taws xob turbines, tshwm nyob rau hauv lub lag luam. Lawv nyob ntawm lub inlet thiab muaj roj teeb ua haujlwm. Nws muaj peev xwm siv tau xws li hluav taws xob turbines ob qho tib si ntawm lub carburetor thiab ntawm lub injector. Raws li cov tuam ntxhab, lawv nce qhov ntws ntawm huab cua nkag mus rau hauv lub cav, ua kom nws nrawm dua, uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm nce mus txog 15%. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov tsis (revs, ntws, hwj chim) feem ntau tsis qhia. Nws yooj yim heev rau nruab xws li hluav taws xob turbines ntawm lub tsheb nrog koj tus kheej tes.

Pheej yig hluav taws xob compressor
Pheej yig hluav taws xob compressor

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, lawv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim tawm mus txog ntau pua watts, uas tsis txaus los ua kom lub ntim ntws, vim qhov no yuav tsum muaj txog 4 kW. Yog li ntawd, xws li ib tug ntaus ntawv yuav dhau los ua ib qho teeb meem loj ntawm lub inlet, vim li ntawd, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev tsim khoom yuav raug txo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qhov kev poob los ntawm nws yuav me me, uas yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov muaj zog.

Image
Image

Ntxiv rau, hauv Is Taws Nem koj tuaj yeem nrhiav kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog koj tus kheej tes. Tsis zoo li cov kev xaiv pheej yig uas tau hais los saum no, lawv tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm centrifugal compressor thiab brushless lub cev muaj zog txog li 17 kW thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 50-70 V, vim tias tsuas yog lub cev muaj peev xwm muab lub zog txaus thiab ceev tig lub compressor. Lub cev muaj zog yuav tsum tau nruab nrog tus tswj ceev. Cov kab ke no tsis xav tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob intercooler - qhov txias txias txaus rau nws. Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm hom no yuav xav tau kev hloov lub tshuab hluav taws xob (rau 90-100 A) thiab lub roj teeb (rau lub peev xwm ntau dua nrog cov zis tam sim no). Kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub compressor yog txiav txim los ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub throttle. Ntxiv mus, qhov dependence tsis yog linear, tab sis exponential.

Image
Image

Nws raug nquahu kom tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob zoo li no rau cov tsheb uas muaj lub cav me me txog li 1.5 litres, vim yog siv zog ntau. Ntxiv mus, qhov loj dua lub ntim ntawm lub cav, qhov tsawg boost siab lub supercharger tuaj yeem tsim. Yog li, ntawm 0.7-liter engine, nws yuav yog 0.4-0.5 bar, rau 1.5 litres - 0.2-0.3 bar. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li lub supercharger yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntev ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws vim cua sov. Txawm li cas los xij, tus maub los tuaj yeem teeb tsa los yuam kom ua haujlwm.

Vim tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom, nws kim heev los ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob zoo li no. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhia tau tias muaj kev nce qib hauv kev ua tau zoo.

Hais txog kev tsim, cov txheej txheem no, zoo li cov kev xaiv pheej yig uas tau hais los saum no, yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau yuam kev hu ua hluav taws xob turbines. Tam sim no ntawm kev ua lag luam muaj cov khoom lag luam loj dua uas nyob ze rau hauv tsev.

Whale nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob
Whale nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob

CV

Hluav taws xob turbines teb tau ntau dua, ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua li cov tshuab thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntxiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm ib sab, lawv muaj cov qauv tsim, tab sis, ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej zoo dua qub.

Pom zoo: