Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb: khoom siv thiab lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm

2024 Tus sau: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-19 16:10

Txhua lub tsheb muaj qhov txuas. Cov no yog cov nodes thiab mechanisms, yam uas tsis muaj nws cov hauj lwm yog tsis tau. Cov khoom sib txuas muaj xws li lub oob khab, lub hwj chim lub twj tso kua mis, lub tshuab cua txias compressor, intake thiab pa manifold, clutch. Tab sis cov npe no kuj suav nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb. Nws yog nws uas tso cai rau koj kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg voltage hauv on-board network. Tsawg tus neeg paub cov cuab yeej ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb thiab nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua tus neeg tsav tsheb. Zoo, cia saib seb qhov hinged no ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm li cas.

yam ntxwv

Ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas hloov cov tshuab hluav taws xob mus rau tam sim no.

Cov khoom no yog siv los siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv khiav, nrog rau them lub tsheb roj teeb. Txhua lub tsheb niaj hnub siv lub tshuab hloov tsheb.

Nws nyob qhov twg

Ntau lub tshuab no nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub cav. Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm lub crankshaft los ntawm txoj siv txoj siv (dej los yog toothed type). Feem ntau, automakers tso lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj qhov txheeb ze rau lub cav. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov qauv uas lub tshuab txuas yuav luag nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub cav crankcase. Vim li cas nws tseem ceeb rau kev tso lub tshuab rau ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws? Qhov tseeb yog tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb ntshai dej heev. Txawm tias me me ntawm cov dej noo tuaj yeem ua rau nws puas. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg tsim khoom tab tom sim tshem tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm dej thiab lwm yam dej nkag mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Qhov siab dua lub caij no nyob, qhov kev nyab xeeb dua rau nws.

Device

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim muaj xws li:

• Stator winding.
• Cover.
• Zoo siab txais tos.
• Nkauj kho siab Nkauj kho siab.
• Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
• Pole halves.
• Rectifier unit.
• Drive pulley.
• Ntxuam impeller.

Tseem nco ntsoov tias qhov node tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv:

• Tsev.
• Compact.

Qhov sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov kiv cua, rectifier los ua ke thiab tsav pulley. Txwv tsis pub, cov cuab yeej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb yog tib yam. Ob qho tib si ib txwm muaj thiab cov txheej txheem compact muaj xws li lub rotor, ib chav tsev rectifier, txhuam txhuam, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub stator. Tag nrho cov khoom no yog dab tsi?xav paub ntxiv.

Rotor

Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los tsim cov hlau nplaum hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Ib qho excitation winding yog muab rau ntawm lub rotor ncej. Cov tom kawg yog muab tso rau hauv cov phiaj tshwj xeeb, txhua tus uas muaj rau lub protrusions. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib lub nplhaib tiv tauj yog nyob ntawm tus ncej. Nws ua hauj lwm rau lub zog ntawm excitation winding. Feem ntau cov nplhaib yog ua los ntawm tooj liab (tsawg zaus - ntawm tooj dag). Cov excitation winding leads yog soldered rau cov khoom no.

Tsis tas li, muaj ib lossis ob lub kiv cua ntawm lub rotor ncej. Lawv muab winding txias thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm. Lub rotating mechanism ntawm lub rotor muaj ob lub pob bearings tsis tu.

Stator

Nws txoj haujlwm yog los tsim kev hloov pauv tam sim no. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom no. Lub stator yog structurally integrated nrog winding thiab cov tub ntxhais. Cov tom kawg yog ib txheej ntawm ob peb daim hlau. Nyob rau hauv 36 winding grooves muaj peb ntxiv windings, uas tsim ib tug peb-theem kev twb kev txuas. Cov neeg tsim khoom siv ob hom windings:

• Wave.
• loopback.

Kev sib txuas nws tus kheej yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv:

• Scheme "daim duab peb sab". Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov kawg ntawm winding yog txuas nrog series.
• hnub qub qauv. Ntawm no qhov kawg ntawm winding txuas ntawm ib qho taw tes.

Cas

Nws muaj feem ntau ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj ob lub hau: nram qab thiab pem hauv ntej. Qhov thib ib yog nyob rau sab ntawm cov hlua khi, qhov thib ob yog nyob rau sab ntawm lub tsheb rub.

Cov khoom no tau khi ua ke nrog cov ntsia hlau ntev. Lub hau lawv tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm non-magnetic aluminium alloy. Cov ntaub ntawv kuj suav nrog qhov cua qhov rais thiab ob lub ko taw mounting.

txhuam thiab rectifier unit

Cov txhuam txhuam yog siv los hloov tam sim no los ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog rau cov nplhaib. Cov node koom ua ke li cas? Nws muaj ob lub graphite txhuam nrog cov springs. Tag nrho cov qauv yog kev koom ua ke nrog lub voltage regulator ntawm lub tsheb alternator.

Tam sim no hais txog chav tsev rectifier. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los hloov qhov hluav taws xob sinusoidal mus rau qhov tam sim no ncaj qha ntawm on-board network. Qhov thaiv no muaj cov phaj. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub dab dej kub, thiab diodes kuj raug ntsia rau ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj rau semiconductor diodes nyob rau hauv lub block. Muaj ob lub ntsiab lus zoo li no rau txhua theem. Ib qho yog txuas nrog qhov zoo, thiab qhov thib ob - mus rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsheb alternator. Feem ntau qhov kev sib txuas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas los yog vuam ntawm qhov chaw mounting.

Voltage regulator

Peb txuas ntxiv mus kawm cov cuab yeej ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb. Nyob rau hauv tus tsim ntawm lub mechanism muaj ib txwm ib tug voltage regulator (nyob rau hauv lub slang ntawm motorists - "chocolate"). Cov khoom no tuaj yeem muaj:

• Hybrid kev sib txuas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov xov tooj cua thiab hluav taws xob drives yog siv nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court nrog microelectronic tuab-film hais.
• Integral. Ntawm no, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov regulator, nrog rau kev zam ntawm cov zis theem, yog ua los ntawm nyias-film microelectronic.technology.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm "chocolate" yog txhawm rau txhawm rau qhov hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem sib txawv nrog cov kev hloov pauv ntawm tus lej ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub crankshaft thiab tag nrho cov load ntawm on-board network.

qhov kev kho no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev ua kom lub zog winding tam sim no. Lub regulator hloov lub sijhawm thiab zaus ntawm cov pulses tam sim no. Niaj hnub nimno generators muaj regulators nrog thermal them nyiaj. Yog li, qhov kub ntawm lub roj teeb qis dua, qhov hluav taws xob ntau yog siv rau nws cov nqi.

generator tsav

Ntawm txhua lub tsheb, cov cuab yeej no yog tsav los ntawm crankshaft ntawm txoj siv. Cov tom kawg tuaj yeem yog wedge lossis polywedge hom. Lub Scope ntawm thawj yog ho txwv los ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub pulley tsav. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kiv puag ncig ntawm lub rotor thaum lub cav khiav feem ntau yog ob lossis peb zaug ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub crankshaft.

Ntau zaus, tsheb siv V-ribbed siv. Nws yog ntau yam, vim hais tias nrog ib tug me me txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub pulley tsav, txoj siv tau tso cai rau koj kom paub ib tug loj iav piv. Qhov nro ntawm lub caij tsav yog hloov kho siv cov menyuam tshwj xeeb.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb

Cov khoom siv no ua haujlwm li cas? Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog raws li hauv qab no. Thaum tus yuam sij tig, tam sim no los ntawm lub roj teeb ntws los ntawm kev sib dhos txhuam thiab cov nplhaib mus rau qhov excitation winding. Lub magnetic teb yog induced nyob rau hauv lub winding. Thaum lub crankshaft ntawm lub combustion engine rotates, lub generator rotor kuj ua hauj lwm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Lub magnetic teb ntawm tom kawg permeates lub windingstator. Ib qho alternating voltage yog generated ntawm cov terminals. Ntawm ib qho ceev, lub tshuab hluav taws xob pib ua rau nws tus kheej zoo siab. Yog li, lub winding yog powered los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob nws tus kheej.

Lub tsev rectifier pib hloov qhov hluav taws xob mus rau qhov tam sim no ncaj qha. Nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm lub load ntawm lub cav, lub thiaj li hu ua. "chocolate". Lub regulator kho qhov zaus ntawm tig lub tshuab hluav taws xob winding. Raws li qhov ceev nce, lub sij hawm hloov-on yuav txo. Hloov pauv, thaum lub load poob, qhov zaus nce.

Brushless generator

Qee lub tsheb muaj lub tshuab tsis txhuam. Nyob rau hauv nws tsim, nws muaj ib tug rotor nrog nias transformer hlau daim hlau. Lub winding yog muab tso rau ntawm stator. Thiab lub zog electromotive yog tsim los ntawm kev kho qhov sib nqus conductivity ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm stator thiab rotor.

Tsheb alternator specifications

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no suav nrog:

• Rated tam sim no. Qhov no yog lub ncov tso zis tam sim no ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm rau txhiab revolutions ib feeb.
• Rated voltage. Nyob ntawm seb hom tsheb hluav taws xob, qhov ntsuas no yog 12 lossis 24 V. Feem ntau cov tsheb thiab SUVs siv 12-volt circuit.
• Hwj chim. Lub tsheb alternator tuaj yeem yog 60 lossis 120 amp. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm hom tsheb thiab qhov loj ntawm lub cav nws tus kheej. Yog tias peb tham txog cov tsheb feem ntau, lawv feem ntau siv 80-ampgenerator.

Diagnosis

Kuv puas tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb nrog kuv tus kheej txhais tes? Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov khoom hauv chaw nres tsheb uas siv lub tshuab multimeter. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau xyuas qhov kev sib txuas ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb, thiab xyuas kom meej tias txhua qhov kev sib txuas ua haujlwm. Qhib lub hood ntawm lub tsheb thiab nrhiav txoj siv tsav. Nws yuav tsum tau ncab nrog xws li ib tug quab yuam uas nws yuav khoov 1-1.5 centimeters tob ntawm lub siab ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo. Yog hais tias peb tham txog qhov tseeb, qhov deflection yog ntsuas nrog lub zog ntawm 10 kgf.

Thaum thawj theem, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob raug kuaj xyuas. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb hloov lub multimeter mus rau hom voltmeter. Peb sov lub cav ntawm nruab nrab ceev nrog lub teeb taub hau rau kaum feeb. Tom ntej no, peb ntsuas qhov voltage ntawm qhov tso zis ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob loj thiab ntawm nws qhov ntxiv. Tus nqi nominal yog los ntawm 13.5 txog 14.6 V. Yog tias daim duab tsawg dua lossis ntau dua, ces tus tswj hwm tsis ua nws txoj haujlwm thiab yuav tsum tau hloov.

Tom ntej, peb mus rau kev kuaj mob ntawm tus choj diode. Peb qhib lub cuab yeej hauv hom ntsuas alternating tam sim no. Peb txuas cov probes mus rau lub clamp "30" thiab rau qhov loj ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Qhov voltage yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.5 V. Txwv tsis pub, tus choj diode tsis ua haujlwm raug. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tawg mus rau hauv av, tua lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab tshem tawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob qaum, uas tsim nyog rau qhov zoo 30th davhlau ya nyob twg. Tom ntej no, peb txuas lub multimeter nrog probes rau lub disconnected generator tsav thiab davhlau ya nyob twg. Qhov tawm tam sim no yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.5 mA. Yog nwsNtxiv mus, muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov winding lossis cov diodes lawv tus kheej.

Tshuaj xyuas cov recoil tam sim no

Thov nco ntsoov: cov recoil tam sim no yog ntsuas los ntawm kev sojntsuam, uas yog ntxiv rau multimeter. Cov khoom no yog ib hom clamp uas cov xov hlau npog, thiab ntsuas lub zog tam sim no. Yog li, peb yuav kuaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob li cas? Ua li no, peb npog cov hlau uas ua rau lub clamp ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg 30th nrog ib qho kev sojntsuam. Pib lub cav thiab ua kom nws ntawm kev kub ceev. Peb tig lub teeb, qhov cub thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tom ntej no, peb hloov pauv ntsuas txhua tus neeg siv khoom ib tus zuj zus. Tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kev nyeem ntawv ntawm txhua tus neeg siv khoom. Qhov sib txawv siab tshaj plaws yog 5 amps nqes.

Nws yuav tsis yog superfluous los xyuas qhov excitation tam sim no ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Ua li no, pib lub cav thiab cia nws khiav rau tsib feeb ntawm kev kub ceev. Tom ntej no, peb tso lub ntsuas ntsuas nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hlau nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg 67. Cov kev nyeem ntawv yuav sib npaug rau lub zog ntawm qhov excitation tam sim no. Ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm, daim duab no yog kwv yees li peb mus rau xya amperes.

Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ua kom muaj zog, koj yuav tsum rhuav tshem "chocolate" thiab tus txhuam hniav. Peb hloov lub cuab yeej mus rau hom ohmmeter thiab siv cov kev sojntsuam mus rau lub nplhaib plam. Cov qib tsis kam yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm tsib thiab kaum ohms. Tom qab ntawd peb txuas ib qho kev sojntsuam mus rau stator. Peb tuav lub thib ob ntawm ib qho kev sib cuag rings. Cov cuab yeej yuav tsum ua kom pom qhov tsis txaus ntseeg loj heev. Yog tsis muaj no ces lub winding shorting to ground.

Zoo kawg

Yog li peb xam pomlub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb yog dab tsi thiab yuav kuaj nws li cas. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm tes. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau nkag siab txog qhov teeb meem no, koj yuav tsum paub tsawg kawg yog superficially paub lub cuab yeej thiab lub algorithm ntawm lub caij.