Soviet hluav taws xob tsheb VAZ: tshuaj xyuas, nta, yam ntxwv, keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-19 16:11

Lub tsheb fais fab pib txav ntawm txoj kev ua ntej tshaj lub tsheb uas siv roj av (1841). Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua ua ntej kawg, hauv Asmeskas, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tau teeb tsa nrog lub zog thiab qhov tseem ceeb, suav nrog kev deb ntawm Chicago mus rau Milwaukee (170 km), yam tsis tau them rov qab, tswj kev ceev ntawm 55 km / h.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem hauv Tebchaws Meskas, lub tsheb hluav taws xob tau muag ib thiab ib nrab zaus zoo dua li cov uas khiav ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv, thiab tsuas yog me ntsis qis dua rau "steam engines" (khiav ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.). Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib tau qhia txog qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kev hloov no, txij li cov khoom siv tub rog ua haujlwm zoo dua ntawm cov roj av, thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb nrog kev siv roj. Txawm hais tias tus neeg txawj ntse xws li Tesla, uas tau tsim lub tsheb tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob hauv peb caug xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nce mus txog 150 km / h thiab, raws li tus neeg tsim khoom, them rau txoj cai ntawm kev mus ncig, tsis tuaj yeem ua dab tsi. Lub "gasoline mafia" yeej, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau tawm ntawm kev zam hauv lub ntiaj teb sab hnub poob rau ib nrab xyoo.

Soviet electric tsheb VAZ: keeb kwm

Thaum lub hnub qub ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa nyob rau sab hnub poob, sab hnub tuaj, uas yog, hauv USSR, nws nyuam qhuav pib nce. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-thirties ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ob lub tsheb fais fab tau tsim nyob rau hauv parallel:

• Thawj yog raws li lub tsheb GAZ-A, uas nws tus kheej yog lub tsheb premiere (phaeton hom) ntawm pawg Soviet pawg.
• Qhov thib ob yog lub tsheb thauj khoom khib nyiab raws li ZIS-5, uas nws tus kheej yog lub tsheb loj thib ob uas tsim nyob rau xyoo ua ntej tsov rog. Cov roj teeb hnyav 1.4 tons tau muab tso rau tom qab lub tsheb tavxij, "noj" ib nrab ntawm lub peev xwm thauj khoom. Qhov seem ntawm qhov chaw tau muab faib rau ob lub thoob khib nyiab, txhua qhov tuaj yeem nqa qhov hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm 0.9 tons. Qhov ceev ntawm lub tsheb khib nyiab yog 24 km / h thiab qhov ntau yog 40 km.

Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, tsheb hluav taws xob tau pib tsim hauv NAMI, tab sis yam tsis tau txav mus dhau qhov kev sim ntawm NAMI-750 (muaj peev xwm 0.5 tons) thiab NAMI-751 (muaj peev xwm 1.5 tons)

Dua, cov lus nug ntawm lub tsheb nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv USSR rov qab los thaum ntxov 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm AvtoVAZ tau ua tiav qhov kev vam meej tshaj plaws. Lawv ua haujlwm thiab tsim:

• VAZ-E1101, npe menyuam yaus Cheburashka, nrog lub log pem hauv ntej.
• Rau nws lub hauv paus - qhib xws li VAZ-E1101.
• Tus neeg caij tsheb tshiab VAZ-1801, lub npe menyuam yaus Pony.
• thawj lub tsheb hluav taws xob uas tau mus txog kev tsim khoom raws li VAZ-2102 (txoj haujlwm 2801 Electro).
• Cov tsheb kuj tau sim - VAZ-2301 thiab VAZ-2313, nrog rauVans VAZ-2702 thiab VAZ-2802.

Nyob rau thaum ntxov 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tsib lub kaum os hluav taws xob tsheb raws li VAZ-2102 tau tsim. Lawv sim hloov lub npe nrov "cua" (VAZ-2109E), "Oka" (VAZ-1111E) thiab "Niva" (VAZ-2131E) rau hluav taws xob traction. Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj dab tsi mus rau hauv lub series. Nws tau pom meej meej tias kev hloov tsheb roj av serial rau hauv lub tsheb fais fab yog kev lag luam tsis muaj kev cia siab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim lub tswv yim tshiab los ntawm qhov pib yog qhov teeb meem ntau dua. Thiab lawv tau txiav txim siab muab lub VAZ-2102 (chaw nres tsheb wagon) nyob rau hauv qhov ua rau ntawm hluav taws xob kev vam meej, tau tsim ib lub tsheb ciav hlau tawm ntawm nws.

tsheb hluav taws xob VAZ-1801 "Pony"

Kev siv ntawm VAZ-1801 qhov project pib nrog kev tsim tshwj xeeb chassis, tag nrho coj mus rau hauv tus account lub originality ntawm nws mover. Nws yog lub npe hu ua Cheburashka me me, txij li thaum xub thawj lawv tau coj kom zoo dua ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov haujlwm sib xws - VAZ-E11011. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm qhib qhov chaw loj ntawm chaw so, chaw ua si thiab lwm yam, nws yuav tsum tsis yog lub tsheb hluav taws xob nkaus xwb, tab sis lub tsheb qhib rau kev ua haujlwm thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Lawv tau los ua qhov project 1801, lub npe hu ua Pony vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsos. Tsawg mount thiab rear-log tsav Pony tau txais tsuas yog vim li cas ntawm qhov hnyav txo. Ib yam dab tsi, suav nrog kev ncua, raug coj los ntawm VAZ-2108, uas nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tab tom txhim kho. Cov kev tswj tau yooj yim - lub kauj tsheb ib leeg hais lus, ob lub pedals thiab tus brake.

YPony thiab Moscow Olympiad

daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm lub tsheb fais fab VAZ "Pony" mus rau MoscowLub Olympics ua tsis tiav, thiab tom qab ntawd thawj tus qauv raug hlawv. Yog li qhov project yuav raug muab tso tseg yog tias nws tsis yog rau 60th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet automotive kev lag luam. Nyob rau ntawm lub exhibition nplooj siab rau nws, txhua leej txhua tus xav qhia ib yam dab tsi tshiab, thawj. Ntawm no ntawm AvtoVAZ, lawv nco txog qhov project 1801. Lub tsheb hluav taws xob yuav luag npaj rau kev tshaj tawm, thiab ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 40 km / h nws tuaj yeem mus txog 120 km yam tsis tau them rov qab. Ob daim ntawv theej uas twb muaj lawm tau hloov kho tshiab, Pony logo tau muab tso rau, ib leeg-hais kauj lub kauj log tau hloov nrog ob lub log hais lus - thiab cov ntawv luam tawm tau npaj txhij. "Pony" tau ua tiav qhov kev nthuav qhia nyob rau hauv Moscow ntawm VDNKh, tab sis nws yog swan nkauj ntawm qhov project. Ib lub tsheb raug xa mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej AvtoVAZ, thiab lub thib ob raug xa mus ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag ncaws pob.

VAZ-2801 "Electro"

Thawj ob lub qauv ntawm lub tsheb fais fab VAZ-2102 tau tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-seventies ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub tsheb nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas hnyav dua 1/3 tons, lub rooj zaum nram qab thiab qhov rooj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Raws li kev ntsuam xyuas, qhov project no (VAZ-2801 "Electro") los ntawm V. F. Baranovsky tau soj ntsuam zoo thiab pom zoo rau kev tsim khoom. Tab sis kev ua hauj lwm pib nyob rau hauv 1981, thaum ib batch ntawm hluav taws xob tsheb tau tsim raws li serial qauv VAZ-2102 (project 2801). Muab rau hauv tus account prototypes, me ntsis ntau tshaj li tsib caug daim ntawm xws li tsheb tau tsim, uas yog kaw 2-qhov rooj van nrog corrugated panels es tsis txhob ntawm rear sab qhov rais.

Yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj cov ntawv sau "Electro" ntawm phab ntsa, thiab ntxiv rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia, lawv tau xa khoom noj tshais thiab khoom xa tuaj ntawm AvtoVAZ thiab hauvib qho ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hauv Moscow. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm lawv raug xa mus rau Ukraine (Kyiv, Zaporozhye, Mirgorod thiab lwm yam).

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm VAZ hluav taws xob tsheb

Zoo li txhua lub tsheb hluav taws xob ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm VAZ lub tsheb fais fab yog lub zog me me ntawm ib qho nqi. Nws tau mus txog 110 km ntawm qhov ceev tsis tshaj 40 km / h. Fais motors PT-125 (25 kW) thiab PT-146 (40 kW) ua kom nws txav tau ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 87 km / h.

Ntxiv rau, tsis muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev them nyiaj rov qab, uas them sai sai, thiab cov tsheb hluav taws xob feem ntau tau them los ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem rov qab tuaj yeem siv sijhawm txog 20 teev, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov roj teeb, yog qhov siab heev. Kev tshuaj xyuas hais tias nws tsuas yog siv tsis tau rau kev siv cov tsheb zoo li no.

Specifications

Hluav taws xob tsheb VAZ-2102E (project 2801), ua nyob rau hauv USSR, muaj cov yam ntxwv nram qab no:

• Chaw tsim tshuaj paus - AvtoVAZ.
• Tus naj npawb ntawm rooj - 2.
• Ntau lub qhov rooj – 3.
• Cav - PT-125 nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 35 l / s.
• Qhov siab tshaj plaws - 87 km / h, acceleration rau 30 km / h hauv 4 vib nas this
• Power reserve tsis them - 110 km ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 40 km / h.
• Length - 4 m.
• Dav - 1.6 m.
• siab – 1.4 m.
• Clearance - 0.17 m.
• Lub tsheb hnyav yog 1.6 tons curb thiab yuav luag 2 tons tag nrho.
• roj teeb hnyav - 0.38 tons.
• Loading peev - 0.34 tons.

tsheb hluav taws xob VAZ Ellada

VAZ lub tsheb hluav taws xob, ua rau xyoo 2011 los ntawm Lada Kalina, nrawm mus rau 140 km / h thiab tsis them rov qab rau lub caij sov tuaj yeem mus txog ib thiab ib nrab puas kilometers (ntawm qhov kub qis, lub zog cia. txo los ntawm 1/3). Western analogues muaj qhov taw qhia 2-3 zaug siab dua, tab sis tus nqi yog ¼ tsawg dua. VAZ "Kalina" hluav taws xob tsheb nqi npaum li cas? Tus nqi ntawm Kalina Ellada yog 1.25 lab rubles, thaum Mitsubishi i-MiEV yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 1 lab rubles. Kev txhim kho ntawm qhov project no raug nqi ntau dua 10 lab euros, thiab nws tsis meej meej tsis them nyiaj. Ntawm ntau pua lub tsheb hluav taws xob tau teem sijhawm rau kev xa khoom hauv 2013-2015, tsuas yog tsib tau xa mus rau thaj chaw Stavropol. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nroj tsuag tau tsim thawj koob ntawm 100 lub tsheb, tab sis muag Ellada tsuas yog rau cov koom haum raug cai (kom pab txhawb kev sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm) ntawm tus nqi ntawm 960 txhiab rubles.

Muaj qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm 130 km / h, Kalina no tsis nrawm nrawm (txog 100 mais hauv 18 vib nas this). Kev tshuaj xyuas hais tias lub suab qis ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Kev tuav thiab smoothness ntawm VAZ Ellada lub tsheb fais fab yog qhov zoo dua li tus qauv Kalina (qhov hnyav nce los ntawm ib lub centner thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tau pab). Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tsib lub tsheb hluav taws xob hauv cov tuam txhab tsheb tavxij ntawm Stavropol Territory tau pom tias lawv tsis muaj kev cia siab thiab tus nqi qis ntawm kev saib xyuas. Vim muaj tsawg tsawg ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob ua haujlwm, lawv tau them rov qab feem ntau thaum hmo ntuj los ntawm daim phiaj siv hluav taws xob. Yim yog txaus rau tus nqi tag nrho.teev.

Nyob rau kev tso tawm

Tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev cia siab rau Kalina Hellas lub tsheb fais fab yog qhov tsis meej. Cov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv kom muaj nuj nqis txaus tsis xav tau nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab txuas lub tshuab cua txias mus rau lub network sab hauv ntawm lub tsheb thaum lub caij ntuj sov, thiab hluav taws xob cua sov thaum lub caij ntuj no thiab ib txwm muaj lub xov tooj cua kaw lus yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig, uas yog, ntau dua 2 zaug, txo. lub zog cia.

Nws yog qhov nthuav tias nyob rau hauv Lithuania, "homemade" craftsmen, coj lub VAZ-2108 "Electro" ua qauv, ua ib tug VAZ hluav taws xob tsheb los ntawm ib tug qub serial VAZ-2106 nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes.

Los ntawm dismantling lub internal combustion engine thiab muab ib tug hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog, tsib lub roj teeb thiab lub hwj chim tswj ntawm lub tsheb, lawv qhia ib tug video mus txawv tebchaws ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 40 km / h.