2024 Tus sau: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-19 16:10
Lub tsheb Soviet ZIL-111 yog rau cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv chav kawm. Nws tau tsim los ntawm 1958 txog 1967. Likhachev cog nyob rau hauv Moscow. Lub tsheb tsis tau mus rau hauv cov kab loj loj, tsuas yog tshaj 110 daim ntawv tau sib sau ua ke. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb yog ua haujlwm rau cov thawj coj ntawm lub xeev Soviet. Cov qauv no tau los hloov lub qub ZIS-110. Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm tsoomfwv, lub chaw tsim khoom tsim yuav tsum tsim lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab dua hauv peb lub hlis. Txoj haujlwm tshiab no tau muab luam ib nrab los ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm Asmeskas kev lag luam tsheb. Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb limousine no.
History of Creation
ZIL-11 txawv ntawm nws cov thawj coj hauv ntau cov qauv niaj hnub no, lub cev ntu tau theej los ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov pauv txawv teb chaws (cov ntsiab lus los ntawm Buick, Cadillac, Packard tau taug qab ntawm no). Feem ntau, sab nrauv ntawm tus qauv tau hloov mus rau qhov tsis zoo, tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv uas yuav ua rau cov neeg sawv cev qeb tsheb zoo nkauj thiab stylish.
Vim li ntawd, kev sib tw rau qhov kev tsim qauv zoo tshaj plaws tau tshaj tawm. Muaj ob peb txoj kev daws teeb meem, feem ntau yog raws li Asmeskas cov tsheb los ntawm 50s. Tsis muaj dab tsi hauv kev luam tawm txawv teb chaws hloov khotxaj muag, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum paub txog kev ntsuas, txwv tsis pub muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog kev tso cai tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Qhov kawg version ntawm ZIL-111 tau pom zoo thiab pib sib sau ua ke hauv ib qho kev sim sib txawv. Ua ntej, lawv tsim ntau yam qauv, tom qab kev sim uas, lawv txiav txim siab tso tawm ib qho kev txwv. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshwm sim nrog lub stamping ntawm lub plumage, txij li qhov ntev ntawm lub tis ntawm lub tsheb tshiab tau dhau mus dhau ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem. Txoj kev daws teeb meem tau pom los ntawm kev tsim cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim sab nrauv tau tsim.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm ZIL-111
Cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev npaj hnyav:
- Length/dav/height – 6, 14/2, 04/1, 64 m.
- Pem hauv ntej / nraub qaum - 1.57 / 1.65 m.
- Wheelbase - 3.76 m.
- Txoj kev tshem tawm - 21 cm.
- Qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb nruab yog 2.6 tons.
- Roj tank ntim - 120 l.
Cov yam ntxwv khiav thiab nrawm ntawm lub tsheb ZIL-111 tau ua raws li cov qauv siv rau kev faib cov tsheb ua haujlwm rau tsoomfwv cov qauv. Nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub tsheb, kev sau ntawv ntawm American mid-range modifications yog twv yuav raug hu paub, nrog rau cov qhov rais loj, fin-zoo li rear fenders, ib tug tsawg tsaws thiab ib tug me ntsis disproportion ntawm qhov dav thiab qhov siab ntawm lub tsheb. Tus ncej-hom puag ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus lub chassis elongated. Lub cev nyhav tsis muaj zog li ntawd.
ZIL-111 engine
Lub hwj chim ntawm lub tsheb hauv nqe lus nug yog ib qho atmospheric carburetorcav siv AI-93 hom roj av.
Lub cav tsis tseem ceeb:
- Ua haujlwm ntim - 5,969 cubic meters. saib
- Number of cylinders - 8 pieces.
- V-shaped layout.
- Number of valves - 16 pieces
- Operating mechanism - OHV version.
- Compression – 9.
- Qhov loj ntawm lub tog raj kheej hauv txoj kab uas hla yog 100 hli.
- Piston mus ncig - 95 mm.
- Khoom noj - carburetor plaub-chamber system hom K-85.
- Power indicator - 200 horsepower.
- Lub tog raj kheej taub hau - aluminium alloy.
- Khoom siv lub cev ntawm chav tsev - cam khwb cia hlau.
Chassis
ZIL-111 yog tsom rau ntawm qhov nrawm qis. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb yog thauj cov taub hau thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm tsoom fwv raws li ib feem ntawm lub cortege, mus rau parades thiab ntsib high-ranked qhua ntawm lub tshav dav hlau. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, qhov no yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb xaus.
Tib lub sijhawm, lub tsheb hauv qab ntawm lub tsheb muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Xws li ib qho kev nyab xeeb yog xav tau kom lub tsheb tsis poob ntawm lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lub zog ncej-hom chassis nqa lub hauv ntej ncua kev kawm ntawv. Nws tsim muaj xws li kev ywj pheej sib txuas sib txuas, lub torsion bar, steel springs thiab txhawb nqa hydraulic shock absorbers.
rear analogue - nyob ntawm hom, nruab nrog semi-ellipse springs, hydraulics, planetary iav nrog sib txawv. Tus tsim ntawm lub thaiv yog nruam, nws aggregates nrog kev sib kis los ntawm ob-section cardan ncej. Hypoid kev koom tes hauvdaim ntawv ntawm ib lub iav khub kom ua haujlwm ntsiag to ntawm chav tsev. Lub suab nrov me ntsis tau pom tsuas yog thaum tsiv rov qab.
Transmission system
Raws li kev sib kis, ZIL-111 yog nruab nrog ob-ceev tsis siv neeg kis tau tus mob nrog lub hydraulic transformer thiab planetary iav. Kev nrawm yog hloov siv cov nyees khawm nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub kauj. Iav ratios:(3, 54/1, 72/1, 0/2, 39) - lub ntsiab/forward/second/reverse.
Kev hloov kho
Xyoo 1959, tus qauv tsis tu ncua ZIL-111, daim duab uas tau nthuav tawm saum toj no, dhau thawj theem ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab, tau txais lub npe 111A. Lub tsheb tau nruab nrog thawj lub tshuab cua txias tshwj xeeb hauv Union, thiab lub qhov rais tom qab kuj tseem txo qis. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no tso cai rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb thiab nce kev nplij siab ntawm kev txav mus los.
Xyoo 1960, phaeton 111B tau tsim tawm hauv ib qho me me. Nws yog lub tsheb loj loj nrog xya lub rooj zaum, nruab nrog ib lub awning uas folded thiab unfolded siv hydraulics. Los ntawm kev tsim, lub ru tsev zoo li cov analogues siv ntawm ZISs.
Hloov kho version ntawm 111G tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev coj ua ntawm kev coj ua thiab kev hloov pauv. Lub tsheb tau txais ob lub teeb pem hauv ntej, chrome swept moldings ntawm ob sab thiab ib qho tshiab nickel-plated radiator grille. ZIL-111 (duab ntawm sab hauv hauv qab no) tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv kiag li, ib tug tshiab semi-khawm hom cua txias tau tshwm sim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub tsheb tau loj dua los ntawm 200kilogram thiab 50 millimeters ntev.
Tom qab ntawd, kev sib tw chaises (ZIL-111D) tau tsim los ntawm 111G qauv. Thawj daim ntawv luam tawm ntawm kab sib dhos hauv xyoo 1963. Tsuas yog xya units ntawm hom no tau tsim. Tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov limousines qhib raws li cov thev naus laus zis hauv nqe lus nug yog txog 120 daim. Yog li, qhov teeb meem nrog tsheb khoom kim heev hauv tsev tau raug daws.
Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb
Hais txog ZIL-11D phaeton, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias peb lub tsheb tau ua nruj me ntsis hauv cov xim dub. Ib daim ntawv xa mus rau GDR, nws txoj hmoo ntxiv tsis paub. Qhov seem ob limousines sawv ntev ntev nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Grey-xiav counterparts muaj ib zaj dab neeg lom zem dua, lawv ib ntus tshwm sim ntawm parades ntev.
Thawj zaug, phaeton tau mus rau Red Square xyoo 1967 (ib qho kev ua yeeb yam rau hnub tseem ceeb tsib caug ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Revolution). Ntau lub tsheb nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas 114 tau npaj rau hnub no, tab sis tsoomfwv limousines no tsis tau ua rau qhov kev tshwm sim.
Tus thawj coj ntawm USSR Nikita Khrushchev tag nrho lub siab qhia ib phaeton rau Comandante Fidel Castro. Tus kav teb chaws Cuba rov qab los tsev los ntawm dav hlau, thiab tam sim no rau lub sijhawm ntev mus txog nws qhov chaw nyob ntawm hiav txwv. Thaum tuaj txog ntawm cov kob, ZIL-111 tau raug xa mus rau Fidel siv, thiab Ambassador Alekseev coj qhov kev tshwm sim los ntawm Union.
Pom zoo:
ZIL-49061: specifications, roj noj, load peev xwm thiab yees duab
ZIL-49061 tag nrho-struts tsheb: specifications, kev khiav hauj lwm nta, yees duab, load peev, hloov rooj plaub. ZIL-49061 "Blue Bird": piav qhia, roj noj, tsim, zoo thiab cons, keeb kwm ntawm creation
Daim duab thaij duab rov qab saib lub koob yees duab: daim duab kos duab, kev txiav txim ua haujlwm, cov lus pom zoo
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsheb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob exponentially. Muaj tsawg thiab tsawg qhov chaw nres tsheb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg tsim khoom tau nce qhov ntev ntawm cov neeg nrog caij tsheb, yog li txo lawv lub peev xwm los ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb. Qhov no ua rau muaj xwm txheej ceev thaum thim rov qab. Txhim kho lub koob yees duab saib tom qab ntawm lub tsheb yuav pab daws qhov teeb meem no
ZIL-5301: yees duab, specifications, tshuaj xyuas
Xaiv lub tsheb lag luam tsis yooj yim. Hauv kev ua lag luam muaj ntau cov ntawv luam nrog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab tus nqi. Yog tias peb tham txog cov tsheb thauj khoom, cov neeg sawv cev nrov tshaj plaws yog GAZelle. Tab sis nws lub peev xwm nqa tau txwv thiab tsuas yog ib thiab ib nrab tons. Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj yuav tsum nqa peb-tuj cargo? Rau cov laj thawj zoo li no, Valdai thiab Bull (aka ZIL-5301) yog qhov tsim nyog. Peb mam li tham txog yav tom ntej hnub no
Lub tub yees yog Lub tub yees ntawm "Gazelle" (duab)
Cov tsheb tub yees yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev thauj cov khoom noj khoom haus, nrog rau qee yam khoom tsis zoo. Nyob ntawm cov haujlwm tau teeb tsa, lub hauv paus tshuab raug xaiv. Nws tuaj yeem siv cov tsheb me me ntawm "Gazelle" hom, nrog rau cov tsheb laij teb hnyav
K-62 carburetor: specifications, kho, tuning, daim duab, yees duab
Muaj ntau lub maus taus, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj carburetor thiab nws qhov chaw raug. Xav txog tag nrho cov nuances ntawm kev teeb tsa K-62 carburetor