Toyota electric tsheb: txheej txheem cej luam, nta, zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Toyota electric tsheb: txheej txheem cej luam, nta, zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Anonim

Hnub no, tsis muaj leej twg xav tsis thoob los ntawm lub sijhawm zoo li lub tsheb hluav taws xob. Cov tsheb no yog tsav los ntawm ib lossis ntau lub tshuab tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Thiab txij li thaum lawv tsis xav tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv (ICE), lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov tsheb compact vim qhov chaw pub dawb. Tsis ntev los no, cov kev taw qhia no tau nquag txhim kho thiab ntau lub tuam txhab txawv teb chaws tau tsim ntau yam "hluav taws xob" qauv. Lub tuam txhab tsheb tsheb los ntawm Nyij Pooj tsis sawv ib sab, nthuav qhia ntau yam ntawm nws cov qauv ntawm Toyota hluav taws xob tsheb.

Cov lus nug dav dav

Tseem nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam koj tuaj yeem pom cov tsheb hybrid nrog ob lub cav. Thiab qhov no feem ntau yog vim tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau ib puag ncig, tab sis yog txoj hauv kev los ua kom muaj zog. Ntau tus neeg yuav khoom them nyiaj ntau npaum li cas nees nkaum hauv qab lub hood, thiab kev txuag nyiajroj thiab kev txuag ntawm ib puag ncig ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau.

Toyota Electric tsheb specifications
Toyota Electric tsheb specifications

Puas yog cov tsheb fais fab xav tau? Thiab cov lus nug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tej zaum yuav txhawj xeeb ntau tus neeg tsav tsheb: lawv puas tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov tsheb nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv? Thiab muaj ntau yam ntxiv tom kawg, thiab cov qauv siv nyiaj euro tau raug qhia, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo qis cov tshuaj phem hauv emissions. Cia peb sim xyuas nws los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas Toyota lub tsheb hluav taws xob - RAV4 thiab Prius. Peb kuj yuav pom tias lawv muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Tab sis ua ntej, nws pib li cas.

Nws pib tag nrho…

Thawj tus qauv ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob tau tsim txawm tias ua ntej kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv. Xyoo 1831, Michael Faraday tau tshawb pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction, thiab ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau tsim uas tsim nyog siv hauv tsheb. Thiab xya xyoo tom qab Faraday qhov kev tshawb pom, thawj lub tsheb zoo li no tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Askiv, thiab Scotsman Robert Davidson yuav tsum ua tsaug rau qhov no.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub tsheb fais fab yog lub tsheb thauj khoom loj rau kev txav mus los hauv nroog, uas tau ua tiav nrog lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lawv twb tsis tau qis dua rau thawj lub tsheb roj av.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nws yog lub tsheb hluav taws xob uas dhau qhov ceev ntawm 100 km / h, uas yog thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb. Nws muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov no ntawm lub tsheb La Jamais Contente, thiab kev sim lawv tus kheej tau ua nyob rau hauv lub nroog Asher (ze Paris). Nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho qhov siab tshaj plaws sib npaug105, 882 km / h, uas yog cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sijhawm.

Ntau nrov

Yog hnub no lub tsheb hluav taws xob "Toyota" tseem tsis tau muaj npe nrov, tom qab ntawd cov tsheb no tau nthuav dav hauv ntau lub nroog, tsis yog cov roj analogues. Lub tsheb tavxij New York ib leeg nyob rau xyoo 1910 muaj txog 70,000 qhov hluav taws xob! Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj ntau lub tsheb tsis yog xwb, tab sis kuj muaj tsheb thauj khoom thiab tsheb npav, hu ua omnibuses. Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb, uas nws lub npe loj tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim tsheb fais fab - Thomas Edison thiab Nikola Tesla.

Toyota electric tsheb
Toyota electric tsheb

Rau zoo kawg li, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, hom kev thauj khoom no tau ua tiav zoo rau kev ua neej nyob hauv nroog. Cov tsheb zoo li no tau muaj los ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj thiab cov neeg txawj ntse. Rau lawv, qhov tseem ceeb yog kev nplij siab thiab kev saib xyuas yooj yim, tsis yog kev kub ceev.

Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, lub tsheb hluav taws xob tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw phem, lawv huv thiab xis. Ib yam tsis tuaj yeem hais rau cov tsheb thauj roj, uas kuj nrov heev.

Revolution in history

Tej zaum lub tsheb hluav taws xob los ntawm Toyota thiab lwm lub tuam txhab yuav tsis tau tshwm sim, txij li cov tsheb uas muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv yuav tsis tso tseg li ntawd. Kev ua haujlwm nquag thiab kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm ntau yam tsis txaus. Yog li ntawd, cov tsheb yuav txhim khu kev qha, yooj yim dua, kev mus los thiab kev ceev nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi thauj khoom pib poob qis.

Thaum kawg, mus tas liTxoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsheb combustion engine tsheb tau coj mus rau lub fact tias cov hluav taws xob tsheb tau ceased nyob rau hauv, tab sis tsis tag. Qee cov qauv tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig qhov tsis muaj qhov chaw rau lub tsheb nrog cov cav sib xyaw ua ke vim lub suab nrov thiab cov pa phem.

Kev txaus siab rau kev thauj hluav taws xob pib rov qab los tom qab nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th vim muaj teeb meem ib puag ncig. Thiab 10 xyoo tom qab, ua tsaug rau kev kub ntxhov ntawm lub zog, tus nqi roj tau nce siab heev.

Tam sim no, tsheb hluav taws xob tau txais kev txhim kho tshiab - cov tuam txhab muaj npe nrov tau txaus siab rau kev tsim tsheb ecological. Muaj ntau yam prototypes uas tau sim thiab ua tiav zoo. Hybrid thauj kuj tseem tab tom tsim.

zoo hluav taws xob sib npaug

Lub tuam txhab nto moo thoob ntiaj teb Toyota tau tsim lub tsheb hluav taws xob txij li thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Ib tug tag nrho-fledged version nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog lub Toyota RAV4 EV crossover, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv California los ntawm 1997 mus rau 2003. Thiab nws yog thawj tiam los tawm ntawm California kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig.

Cov serial version tau nruab nrog 24 NiMH roj teeb, txhua tus muaj peev xwm ntawm 95 Ah. Ntawm ib qho nqi, lub tsheb tuaj yeem npog qhov deb ntawm 160 txog 180 km, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tsim tau yog 120 km / h. Tsuas yog lub koob npe nrov ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob tau luv luv, tom qab qee lub sijhawm GM EV1 raug txiav tawm, nrog rau kev tshem tawm cov tsheb los ntawm lawv cov tswv. Tsis ntev yuav luag tib txoj hmoo tau tshwm sim rau RAV4, tsuas yogtsheb tsis tau txeeb los ntawm cov tswv.

Toyota fais tsheb qhov zoo
Toyota fais tsheb qhov zoo

Hauv xyoo 2010, Toyota tau nkag mus rau hauv kev pom zoo nrog Tesla Motors, raws li nws tau npaj los tsim cov tsheb zoo ib puag ncig. Ib pliag, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tsis tau nthuav tawm, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tseeb tias kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav ntawm lub cim thib ob ntawm Toyota RAV4. Thawj cov ntawv xeem tau tso tawm hauv xyoo 2011, thiab lawv cov khoom loj tau pib hauv 2012. Hmoov tsis zoo, ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, lub tuam txhab txiav txim siab nyuaj kom tsis txhob tsim cov RAV4 crossover vim qhov tsis sib xws.

YHybrid Technology

Toyota pib txhawb nqa tsis yog tsuas yog cov tsheb fais fab nkaus xwb, thawj cov hybrid, hu ua Toyota Hybrid System lossis THS, tau nthuav tawm rau cov neeg siv khoom rov qab rau xyoo 1997. Tag nrho cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb yav tom ntej tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas Toyota, tab sis rau kev tsim cov roj teeb, ib qho kev lag luam cais tau tsim ua ke nrog Panasonic.

Cov tsheb tau sib sau ua ke ntawm Takaoka Cog, thiab kev muag khoom pib thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo. Lub novelty yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb mus kom ze rau nws tus kheej, thiab sai sai no ib tug tshwj xeeb kev pab cuam tau tsim sai sai taug qab txhua yam teeb meem uas buyers muaj. Muaj kev ntshai tias Toyota Prius lub tsheb fais fab yuav tsis rov hais dua rau ntau tus neeg, tab sis qhov kev ntshai tsis muaj tseeb, raws li pom los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev muag khoom.

Zoo ntawm EVs

Tam sim no nws tsim nyog xav txog dab tsi yog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsheb fais fab lossis hybrids. Thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua los pib nrog ib qho qab ntxiag. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tsis muaj ntau qhov zoome me:

  • Txuag. Qhov no yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau kev txuag nyiaj ntawm kev yuav khoom kim heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee lub sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm nws nce nrawm, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau tsev neeg cov peev nyiaj.
  • Tsis muaj suab nrov. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua ntsiag to thiab ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm lub tsheb thiab muab kev nrawm nrawm.
  • Kev nyab xeeb. Txhua lub tsheb hluav taws xob mus dhau ib qho kev kuaj xyuas ib yam li cov tsheb uas muaj cov tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv. Lawv kuj tau nruab nrog ntau lub sensors thiab airbags los pab tiv thaiv tus neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov neeg caij tsheb los ntawm kev raug mob hnyav.
  • Qhia rau kev zam. Qhov nrov ntawm cov tsheb fais fab yog tsis tu ncua zuj zus txhua xyoo. Lub voj voog tshiab ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom txaus siab tshwm sim, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov qauv tshiab.
  • Sustainability. Qhov no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Toyota lub tsheb fais fab, txij li lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, vim lawv cov qauv tsim, tsis muaj peev xwm tso cov khoom tsis zoo rau hauv ib puag ncig.
toyota rav 4 electric car
toyota rav 4 electric car

Ntawm lwm qhov zoo yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas, yooj yim ntawm tag nrho cov qauv ntawm lub tsheb, kev pab lub neej ntev ntawm qhov chaw. Kuj tseem tsis muaj kev vibrations, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv.

Rov qab sab ntawm npib

Sad raws li nws yuav zoo li, muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev thauj mus los zoo li zoo li no. Yog li ntawd, ntau tus neeg yuav khoom yuav rov xav dua ua ntej muab cov nyiaj tau los. Qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb suav nrog:

  • Ob peb "chaw nres tsheb roj". Cov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob rau tsheb pibtshwm sim hauv cov teb chaws Europe pib xyoo 2015. Cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv tsev yuav qhib ntau lub ntsiab lus zoo sib xws hauv Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, tej yam tseem tsis tau muaj rosy heev.
  • Tsis muaj freebie. Koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov kev thauj mus los hauv ecological kom zoo, vim cov qauv sib txawv siv lawv tus kheej lub zog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev xaiv yuam kev, tus nqi hluav taws xob yuav nce ntxiv.
  • Short run. Ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm Toyota lub tsheb fais fab, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Qhov kev ncua deb tshaj plaws uas lub tsheb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem npog ntawm ib qho nqi yog 240 km. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis npaj kev mus ncig ntev, vim tias tseem yuav tsis txaus "chaw nres tsheb roj" ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Russia. Txawm hais tias muaj kev npaj yuav nce txoj kev mus rau 500 km, thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv cov kev taw qhia no twb tab tom ua. Cia wb mus saib.
  • Slow speed. Vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm, cov roj teeb kuj tsis ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm qhov xav tau ceev. Thiab, raws li koj paub, Lavxias tsis nyiam tsav ceev li cas?!
  • Lub sijhawm them nqi. Raws li txoj cai, nws yuav siv li ntawm 8 mus rau 10 teev. Yuav ua li cas xaj txhua lub sijhawm no? Tseeb tiag, koj tuaj yeem nres koj lub tsheb thaum hmo ntuj lossis ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm, tab sis yuav ua li cas yog tias koj lub roj teeb tag ua ntej koj tuaj txog ntawm koj qhov chaw?
  • Roj teeb yuav tsum tau hloov. Nyob ntawm seb hom roj teeb uas koj siv, nws yuav tsum tau hloov txhua 3-10 xyoo.
Toyota Electric Hybrid
Toyota Electric Hybrid

Lwm qhov kev poob qis rau Toyota's EVs yog lawv tus nqi. Tus nqi ntawm txawm lub hauv paus versions ntawm hluav taws xob tsheb tseemdhau qhov ncav cuag ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom feem ntau. Thiab qhov no yog vim kev siv cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub uas xav tau kev nqis peev tseem ceeb rau kev siv.

Technical specifications of electronic counterpart

Peb tau paub txog qhov muaj zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog, tab sis ua li cas txog cov ntsiab lus? Qhov kev txiav txim siab version ntawm Toyota RAV4 yog tsav los ntawm 154 hp engine. nrog., txhim kho 2800 rpm. Lub zog hluav taws xob yog lithium-ion roj teeb uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 41.8 kW / h. Thiab kom lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tuav lub tsheb, lawv nyob hauv qab ntawm lub cev ze ntawm qhov chaw.

Nws yuav siv sij hawm 6 teev rau lub roj teeb kom them tag nrho ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob hauv tsev. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tom ntej no "refueling" yuav tsum tau tom qab kov yeej 165 km. Cov chaw tsim khoom tau lees paub qhov kev ua haujlwm raug ntawm Toyota Rav 4 electric tsheb roj teeb rau 160 txhiab kilometers (los yog siv 8 xyoo).

Technical filling ntawm hybrid

Toyota Prius hybrid muaj txoj hmoo zoo dua. Yog tias RAV4 tso tseg hauv xyoo 2014, cov koob no muaj 4 tiam! Ua piv txwv, xav txog qhov tseeb Toyota Prius, uas yuav ntaus thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam nyob rau nruab nrab-2018.

Toyota Prius electric tsheb
Toyota Prius electric tsheb

Lub hybrid yog nruab nrog lub cav nrog ob lub zog:

  • 95 hp roj av cav. s.
  • 53kW fais fab.

Ua ke lawv tuaj yeem tsim lub zog sib npaug li 121 "nees". Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug niaj hnub stepless variator. Raws li kev lag luam roj muaj kev txhawj xeeb,nws tuaj yeem yog 4.4 litres ib puas kilometers.

Futurism yog qhov tseeb

Ntau tus neeg yuav khoom muaj nqis tsheb rau lawv qhov zoo li. Piv txwv ntawm Prius hauv nqe lus nug, vim nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam hauv nruab nrab-2018, zoo li bewitching. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias tag nrho Prius kab tsis yog tus qauv kev zoo nkauj, vim tias sab nrauv yog tsim los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev lag luam raws li qhov ua tau. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tiam neeg tshiab tau txais ntau dua thiab ntxim nyiam dua nta.

Thaum saib Toyota lub tsheb hluav taws xob hybrid los ntawm pem hauv ntej, T-zoo li lub taub hau optics tam sim ntawd ntes lub qhov muag, uas zoo li txawv txawv, tab sis qab ntxiag. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog tag nrho spaceship uas yuav tsis cia leej twg indifferent. Txhua tus qauv tshiab hloov nws cov tsos, tab sis tus stern tseem tseem yuav luag tsis tau kov thiab paub tau.

Kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb

RAV4 lub tsheb hluav taws xob yuav ua rau xav tsis thoob txawm tias cov neeg tsav tsheb nyiam tshaj plaws nrog nws sab nrauv. Nws txawv ntawm cov tsoos SUV nrog ib tug tshiab tsim ntawm lub radiator grille. Cov kev hloov pauv tseem cuam tshuam rau lub rear spoiler, sab iav, uas tam sim no tau hloov kho aerodynamic zoo thiab pem hauv ntej bumper.

Toyota electric tsheb review
Toyota electric tsheb review

Lub hauv qab tau dhau los ua tiaj tus, thiab LEDs tau siv hauv qhov muag pom. Ua tsaug rau ntau qhov kev hloov pauv, tam sim no lub tsheb tau txais kev txhim kho aerodynamics thiab poob ntau kaum kilograms. Vim li ntawd, lub tsheb hluav taws xob tau yooj yim tsav.

Result

Tus nqi ntawm kev thauj mus los hauv eco yog tseem siab, thaum kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xobToyota, Chevrolet, Fiat, Ford, Honda thiab lwm lub tuam txhab loj tseem tsis tau zoo tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub chaw nres tsheb roj network tseem tsis tau tsim kom tiav, uas tsis tso cai rau koj txaus siab rau kev mus ncig hauv nroog. Tab sis qhov tsis txaus no yuav tsum raug tshem tawm raws sijhawm thiab, tej zaum, hauv 10 xyoo, ntau tus neeg tsav tsheb yuav hloov lawv cov kev thauj mus los ib txwm mus rau tsheb fais fab.

Pom zoo: