Yuav ua li cas khob tawm cov catalyst? Vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau lub catalyst nyob rau hauv lub pa system ntawm lub tsheb

2024 Tus sau: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-19 16:10

Tsis ntev los sis tom qab, cov neeg tsav tsheb tau ntsib nrog qhov xwm txheej uas lub tsheb, vim tsis paub, pib poob zog, thiab kev siv roj ntau ntxiv. Tus neeg ua txhaum tuaj yeem yog lub sijhawm hloov pauv catalytic. Yuav ua li cas rov qab lub tsheb mus rau kev ua haujlwm, puas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov catalyst thiab yuav ua li cas tsis mob, kab lus no yuav qhia.

keeb kwm me ntsis

Rov qab rau xyoo 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tib neeg lub siab loj hlob tau pib suab lub tswb cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm ecology ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tau muab pov tseg pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw yam tsis muaj kev txwv, thiab cov tsheb ntawm txoj kev tau nce zuj zus mus. Txawm li ntawd los, megacities tau npog nyob rau hauv lub xiav haze ntawm lub tsheb tso.

Nyob rau xyoo 1970, cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws yuav tsum tau muab cov tsheb nrog cov pa roj neutralizers. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide, ib yam khoom ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov roj hydrocarbon, tau suav tias yog cov pa phem tseem ceeb. Txij li thaum xyoo 1975 kev teeb tsa ntawm catalytic convertersyog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov tuam txhab tsheb txawv teb chaws.

Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau lub catalyst thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas

Raws li koj paub los ntawm cov lus qhia chemistry, lub catalyst yog ib yam khoom uas txhawb nqa cov tshuaj chemical, thaum tsis koom nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab. Niaj hnub nimno tso pa catalysts ua ob txoj haujlwm:

• tom qab hlawv cov pa roj carbon monoxide (CO) kom txog thaum nws hloov mus ua carbon dioxide (CO2);
• sib cais ntawm nitric oxide rau hauv nitrogen thiab oxygen.

Kev ua tiav ntawm ob txoj haujlwm no tau faib cov catalytic converters rau hauv ob hom: txo qis thiab nruab nrab catalysts. Feem ntau, ob lub ntsiab lus tau teeb tsa hauv ib lub tsev los ua ob txoj haujlwm.

Yuav kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm tau zoo li qhov ua tau, cov tshuaj muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tso rau ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic ua hauv daim ntawv ntawm honeycombs. Lawv cov duab hexagonal tso cai tsis tsuas yog tsim thaj tsam loj ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm cov pa pa thiab cov catalyst, tab sis kuj muab lub zog siab, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau nkig ceramics.

Ntau yam ntawm Neutralizers

Ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus ceramic, muaj cov hlau. Qhov ntau yam no yog qhov ruaj khov thiab muaj qhov me me: nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis ua hauj lwm, cov hlau catalyst tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam zoo li ceramic. Koj yuav tsum disassemble rooj plaub, kho yuav kim dua.

Vim li cas thiaj khob qhov catalyst? Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, nws qhov chaw ntws tau qis zuj zus, thiab muaj sijhawm los txog thaumthaum lub cav ua haujlwm ib txwm ua tsis tau. Txhawm rau kho qhov hla ntawm cov pa tawm, cov ntsiab lus ceramic raug khob tawm ntawm lub tsev hloov pauv.

Dab tsi yog lambda sojntsuam thiab nws lub luag haujlwm hauv cov pa tawm

Lambda sojntsuam lossis oxygen sensor yog ncaj qha ntsig txog cov catalyst. Nws ntsuas cov pa oxygen hauv cov pa tawm. Raws li lub teeb liab los ntawm lub sensor, lub tsheb lub computer tswj cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tus nqi ntawm cov roj sib tov.

Qee lub tsheb qauv muaj ob lub pa oxygen sensors. Ib qho yog ntsia ua ntej lub catalyst, qhov thib ob - tom qab. Qhov no yog ua los txhawm rau txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev nyeem ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no kuj tsim teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tuning lub tso pa system los yog thaum tshem tawm lub tsheb catalyst. Lub sensor ntsia tom qab lub converter yuam kev rau ECU, tom qab ntawd roj noj nce thiab lub cav fais fab poob. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug kho, koj yuav tsum paub tsis tau tsuas yog yuav ua li cas rau khob tawm lub catalyst, tab sis kuj yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tau ua tom qab ntawd thiaj li yuav rov ua tau zoo.

Catalyst qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov tso pa tawm

Lub catalytic converter yog ib feem ntawm lub tsheb lub tshuab pa. Nws muaj ob qho tib si raws li cov khoom sib cais thiab ua ib qho kev sib dhos nrog lub suab nrov. Thawj qhov kev xaiv yog yooj yim dua, txij li thaum hloov cov catalyst, tsis muaj qhov hloov ntawm cov muffler lossis cov vuam ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntxig ib feem tshiab yog xav tau.

Cov catalyst tau teeb tsa hauv ob qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus qauv tsheb. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, nyob rau hauv lub engine compartment, tam sim ntawd tom qab kawm tiavtus sau. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob version, kuj tom qab lub tso manifold, tab sis nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub tsheb.

Lub qhov mounting rau cov pa sensors yog welded rau hauv cov pa tso pa ua ntej thiab tom qab converter.

Muaj cov mufflers tsis muaj catalyst. Tsis muaj ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau rau cov tsheb ntawm Soviet era. Yog li ntawd, ntawm cov tshuab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa tawm tsis yog.

Yuav kuaj xyuas seb nws ua haujlwm li cas

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv catalytic tuaj yeem poob lub zog. Qhov no yog vim qhov hla ntu dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab cov pa hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem khiav tawm tag nrho thaum lub sijhawm tso pa tawm ntawm lub cav. Thaum lub sij hawm noj cov hlab ntsha, cov pa roj pa sib xyaw nrog cov sib tov tshiab, ua rau combustion zuj zus. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov poob ntawm acceleration dynamics thiab nce roj noj. Tab sis ua li cas koj thiaj paub tseeb tias lub converter yog qhov ua rau, thiab tsis yog lwm yam?

Muaj peb txoj hauv kev ua qhov no:

1. Tshem tawm cov catalyst thiab saib nws dhau ntawm lub teeb. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, tab sis kuj yog txoj kev siv sijhawm ntau tshaj plaws. Yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm demolition. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis yog txhua tus neeg nruab nrab tuaj yeem kuaj tau hauv txoj kev no. Cov uas tau welded rau hauv lub qhov tso pa tawm tsis tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub teeb.
2. Kuaj nrog lub siab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lub ntsuas qhov siab yog ntsia rau hauv qhov thib ob lambda sojntsuam, lub cav pib. Yog tias ntawm 2500 rpm lub siab yog 0.3 kg / cm2 lossis tsawg dua, tsis tas yuav hloov pauv.
3. ntsuas qhov siab nrog lub cev muaj zog tester. Ua li no, nyob rau hauv lub tswm ciab qhovlub sensor yog screwed rau hauv thiab lub siab nyob rau hauv lub pa system yog ntsuas. Yog tias nws siab tshaj 200 kPa, qhov no qhia tias yuav tsum tau hloov pauv.

Txoj kev kawg yog cov thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws, nws tsuas yog ua hauv kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li, kev pabcuam tsheb rau kev kho cov mufflers hauv Moscow.

Hloov lossis tshem tawm

Thaum tus tswv lub tsheb ntsib qhov teeb meem no, cov lus nug tshwm sim ua ntej nws: yuav tsum muab lub catalyst tshem tawm lossis hloov nrog ib qho tshiab. Cov lus teb nyob ntawm ntau theem. Thawj yog tus nqi ntawm ib feem tshiab. Lub neutralizer tsis pheej yig. Nws muaj cov hlau zoo nkauj (platinum, kub, palladium), uas txiav txim siab tus nqi. Tus nqi tuaj yeem siab heev uas tus tswv twv yuav raug txiav txim siab tshem tawm cov catalyst.

Cov neeg tsav tsheb ntawm lwm pawg saib qhov teeb meem no li cas? Lawv ntseeg tias kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tsim lub tsheb tsis ua rau muaj qhov zoo. Yog li ntawd, lawv txiav txim siab los nruab ib lub converter tshiab.

Tab neeg thib peb kuj yuav qhov tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau tsav los ntawm kev xav sib txawv. Lawv muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb, lawv tsis quav ntsej txog qhov uas cov neeg taug qab lawv lub tsheb yuav ua pa.

Kuv tuaj yeem ntxuav lub catalyst kuv tus kheej

Lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub converter yog 150 txhiab kilometers. Qhov no yog qhov zoo tagnrho: tsis yog lub cav tsis siv, roj zoo. Qhov kev xaiv ib txwm, thaum lub catalyst pib ua rau nws tus kheej xav, yog ib mais ntawm 70-80 txhiab km. Puas muaj ib txoj hauv kev kom ncua nws txoj sia? Nws hloov tawm koj ua tau. Rau qhov no hauvib daim ntawv teev cov haujlwm tu ncua yuav tsum suav nrog kev tu. Nws ua tau ntau txoj hauv kev:

1. Ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv rau lub tank roj, ntxuav los ntawm cov pa roj carbon deposits. Txoj kev no yog qhov zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntxuav yog ua tsis tau dismantling ib feem. Qhov downside yog tias nws tsis paub seb lub hom phiaj puas tau tiav.
2. Blowing ceramic honeycombs nrog compressed cua. Qhov kev xaiv no tso cai rau koj pom qhov pom ntawm qhov kev sib kis, nrog rau qhov kawg tshwm sim.
3. Flushing honeycombs nrog aerosol compounds los ntxuav carburetor dav hlau.

Ob txoj kev xaiv kawg suav nrog kev rhuav tshem cov pa tawm. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej ntawm cov catalyst, txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias txawm tias qhov zoo permeability ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, cov ntsiab lus catalyst muaj ib lub neej, tom qab ntawd lawv poob lawv cov txiaj ntsig.

Cov cuab yeej xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm

Ua ntej khob tawm cov catalyst, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb hom khoom nyob hauv. Yog hais tias ceramic, ces qhov kev ua hauj lwm muaj xws li dismantling, khob tawm lub caij. Yog tias muaj cov khoom hlau sab hauv, ces nws yuav tsis ua hauj lwm los khob nws tawm. Txhawm rau tshem tawm nws, koj yuav tsum tau txiav lub cev ntawm lub converter, ces weld nws. Raws li qhov no, xav tau ib qho cuab yeej sib txawv. Txhawm rau ua tiav txoj haujlwm koj yuav xav tau:

1. Ib txheej ntawm cov wrenches uas suav nrog ob qho tib si qhib-kawg wrenches thiab ratchet taub hau.
2. Txiv roj nplua nyeem zoo li WD-40. Los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov bolts ntawm cov muffler sib txuas ua rau qaub heev, nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim rau unscrew lawv yam tsis muaj lubrication.
3. Qab los yogpry bar rau khob ceramics tawm ntawm lub cev.
4. Sib tsoo tshuab thiab vuam tshuab yog tias tshem tawm cov hlau los ntawm cov catalyst. Tsis tas li, cov cuab yeej no yuav xav tau yog tias lub converter yog welded rau cov yeeb nkab, xws li Chevrolet Niva.
5. Tshiab gasket ntawm catalytic converter thiab muffler. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tso pa tawm mus rau ib leeg, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau sib cais los ntawm ib leeg nrog lub mount. Tib lub sijhawm, cov gaskets nruab nrab ntawm lawv raug kev txom nyem.

Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, koj yuav xav tau lub nqa, lub qhov pom, nyob ntawm tus qauv ntawm lub tsheb. Yog hais tias lub catalyst yog ntsia rau hauv lub cav compartment, ces tsuas yog ib tug ca cheeb tsam yog txaus.

Cov lus qhia tshem tawm

Nws yooj yim tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus sab hauv ntawm lub catalyst koj tus kheej. Qhov nyuaj yuav dag tsuas yog nyob rau hauv unscrewing cov txiv ntseej daig. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias lawv yuav tsum tau unscrewed tsuas yog tom qab kev kho mob nrog ib tug nkag mus rau lubricant. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis tuaj yeem unscrewed nyob rau hauv ib qho pass. Koj yuav tsum ua qhov no "dov", tig tawm ntawm lub kaum sab xis me me, tom qab ntawd rov qab los. Yog tias koj sim unscrew tam sim ntawd, koj tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov fastening studs, uas yuav nyuaj heev rau kev kho.

Yuav kom rhuav tshem cov catalyst, koj xav tau:

1. Muab lub tsheb tso rau ntawm qhov nqa lossis ntawm qhov pom.
2. Disconnect lub davhlau ya nyob twg tsis zoo ntawm lub roj teeb.
3. Txiav oxygen sensor xov hlau los ntawm lawv cov connectors.
4. Unscrew lub bolts txuas lub ntsiab muffler thiab catalyst. Yog tias lub catalyst txuas nrog rau nruab nrab ntawm qhov tso pa tawm, ces nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tag nrho.
5. Unhook qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub muffler los ntawm lub mounting rubber bands, tshem tawm cov catalyst.

Knock out the catalyst

Tom qab tshem lub converter, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas nws thiab txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas ntxiv. Yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv hnyav heev corroded, ces nws tsis muaj kev nkag siab yooj yim rau khob tawm cov khoom ceramic. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog zoo dua los hloov ib feem nrog ib daim ntawm cov yeeb nkab ntawm ib tug haum seem. Mounting flanges yuav tsum tau welded rau cov yeeb nkab no. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav tawm lub peev xwm ntawm catalyst thiab vuam ib lub yeeb nkab ntawm tib qhov ntev. Tom qab ntawd txuas cov txiv ntoo rau hauv qhov uas lub ntsuas pa oxygen yuav raug ntsia.

Cov tswv tsheb yws tias tom qab tshem tawm cov catalyst, lub suab nrov tshwm nyob rau hauv muffler. Qhov no tshwm sim yog tias koj tsuas khob tawm cov ntsiab lus ceramic los ntawm rooj plaub. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa lub nplaim taws, uas yuav nqaim qhov chaw ntws thiab tshem tawm cov nyhuv resonating.

Thaum dismantling, koj kuj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau lub corrugation ntsia rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub catalyst.

Qhov no txo qis kev vibration kis tau tus mob los ntawm muffler mus rau lub tso pa manifold, uas yog rigidly mounted ntawm lub cav. Feem ntau, los ntawm 70 txhiab kilometers, corrugation rusts thiab exfoliates. Yog li ntawd, thaum ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug catalyst, nws yuav tsis superfluous hloov qhov no.

Cov pa hluav taws xob tau sib sau ua ke rov qab.

Firmware tom qab tshem tawm

Tom qab tshem cov khoom catalyst, cov hauv qab no tshwm sim. Lub tsheb fais fab yog nce, lub cav khiav smoother thiab roj noj yog txo. Tab sis qhov no tshwm sim yog tias ib qho oxygen sensor tau teeb tsa rau ntawm qhov tso pa tawm. Yog hais tias muaj ob lub sensors, ces nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no lub on-board lub computer yuav tsis ua hauj lwm kom raug thiab lub cav yuam kev cov lus yuav tsum tas li teeb nyob rau hauv lub ntsuas vaj huam sib luag. Yuav ua li cas rau qhov no?

Muaj ob txoj kev xaiv. Thawj, tsis tshua kim, yog kev siv dag zog. Qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej nruab rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm oxygen sensor, uas muab lub teeb liab "tshem tawm" rau ECU. Raws li txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm, snags yog txhua yam thiab hluav taws xob.

Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog flashing lub computer on-board. Feem ntau cov firmware version hloov mus rau ib qho ua ntej, thaum lub tshuab tso pa ua haujlwm nrog tsuas yog ib qho oxygen sensor. Piv txwv li, Euro-4 hloov mus rau Euro-2. Txoj kev no kim dua, tab sis tib lub sijhawm zoo dua.

Ntxiv rau, koj tuaj yeem nruab firmware uas hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav hauv kev coj ua kom muaj zog lossis ua haujlwm tau zoo. Nws yooj yim dua los nrhiav cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas uas hloov firmware hauv cov nroog loj. Piv txwv li, cov kev pabcuam kho mob hauv Moscow yuav ib txwm qhia rau koj tias yuav nrhiav tau tus kws tshaj lij li cas.