Turbocharger KamAZ: piav qhia, specifications, duab thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Erin Ralphs | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-19 16:10

Txoj kev daws teeb meem ntawm qee qhov teeb meem ntawm kev thauj khoom thauj yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tsim muaj peev xwm. Lub KamAZ turbocharger tso cai rau koj los ua kom muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb, tseem tshuav ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws, txawm tias muaj kev siv zog ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg tsim qauv hauv kev txhawb nqa cov tswv yim tshiab. Xav txog cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej no.

Destination

Tus qauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav diesel suav nrog kev tsim cov roj-cua sib tov hauv chav combustion los ntawm qhov ntim ntawm huab cua uas "hauv qab nws lub zog" nkag mus thaum lub piston qis dua. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov roj tsis hlawv tag nrho, thaum lub zog muaj peev xwm poob, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob tsis tsim lub zog nws muaj peev xwm. Lub KamAZ turbocharger tso cai rau koj yuam kom cov huab cua nkag mus rau hauv lub combustion chamber. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, tab sis kuj yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov teeb meem.

Lub chav nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug yog pressurized. Yog li ntawd, cov roj-huab cua muaj pes tsawg leeg kub hnyiab tau zoo dua, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm oxygen saturation. Yog tias peb xav txog qhov nthuav dav npaum li cas cov txheej txheem "zoo dua",nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias ib chav tsev ntawm cov roj muab tawm ntau zog, uas ua rau kom lub zog ntawm lub cav. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, KamAZ-5490 turbocharger muab ib qho kev nce ntawm lub zog mus txog 40%. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev nce hauv lub zog ntsuas tsis tas yuav hloov cov qauv ntawm lub cav.

Ntse

Ntau qhov nquag thiab ntom ntom ntawm cov roj ua kom txo tau cov pa roj carbon monoxide pa phem. Cov pa luam yeeb kuj raug txo vim qhov txo qis ntawm cov khoom seem (soot). Cias muab, tag nrho ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub cev muaj zog yog nce.

Txhim kho lub turbocharger ntawm KamAZ nce roj noj. Tab sis, feem ntau, cov nqi roj rau kev tau txais ib chav tsev ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug engine yog qis dua nyob rau hauv ib tug pa counterpart. Ntawd yog, supercharged "cav" yog "gluttonous", tab sis kuj muaj zog dua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev siv lub zog hluav taws xob nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom tau txais lub zog tshwj xeeb yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li kev ua tiav qhov ntsuas tib yam ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob zoo ib yam. Hauv qab no yog ib daim duab ntawm lub roj turbine pressurization.

1 - kub exchanger; 2 - radiator ntawm lub tshuab cua txias; 3 - kiv cua; 4 - lub cev muaj zog; 5 thiab 6 yog turbochargers.

Device

KAMAZ turbochargers muaj tus qauv yooj yim. Qhov tseeb, ob lub ntsiab lus sib cuam tshuam hauv cov cuab yeej no (lub centrifugal compressor thiab roj turbine). Thawj qhov khoom muaj xws li cov khoom no

• skeleton nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug qwj;
• log nrog cov hniav ntawm ib qho kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb;
• qhov uas huab cua nkag mus, ntwslos ntawm ib tug diffuser rau hauv lub cav noj manifold.

Cov roj turbine muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws, tsuas yog siv huab cua xwb, cov pa pa tawm mus rau hauv nws, uas tau tawm mus rau hauv cov pa tawm.

Lub log ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus txuas nrog lub hauv nruab nrab lub cev, thiab lub zog xa mus los ntawm cov menyuam. Yog li ntawd, lub zog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm chav tsev yog tsim los ntawm cov pa pa.

1 - bearing; 2 - qhov screen; 3 - lub cev; 4 - diffuser; 5 - sealing nplhaib; 6 - txiv ntseej; 7 - roj reflector; 8 - compressor log; 9 - npo ntawm cov roj tawm; 10 - damper; 11 - pob txha ntawm bearings; 12 - fasteners; 13 - adapter; 14 - gasket; 15 - turbine npo; 16 - lub log; 17 - lub cev; 18 - foob.

Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm

Nyob rau hauv KAMAZ turbocharger (Euro-1/2/3/4), cov pa roj nkag mus rau hauv lub turbine, cuam tshuam nrog cov hniav ntawm lub log, hloov nws lub peev xwm kinetic rau nws, tig nws mus txog. 75 txhiab revolutions ib feeb. Lub caij turbine hloov lub torque mus rau hauv lub compressor analog, uas yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv atmospheric huab cua, nquag pov nws tawm tsam phab ntsa thiab accelerating nws mus rau kev kub ceev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov huab hwm coj nkag mus rau hauv qhov sib txuas ntawm lub diffuser, qhov twg nws yog compressed, muab nyob rau hauv siab mus rau lub intake manifold, ces mus rau lub combustion chambers.

Vim tias lub turbine ua haujlwm ruaj khov nyob rau hauv kev kub ntxhov thiab kev ntxhov siab, nws lub cev yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb. Cov kabmob zoo lubrication yuav tsum tau ua kom lub log siab ceev. Cov xwm txheej no tau lees paub los ntawm cov roj kab uas txuas nrog lub cav lubrication system.

Nws tsim nyog qhia meej tias cov tsheb thauj khoom KamAZ tau nruab nrog ob-kab V-zoo li lub cav. Rau lawv, nws yog tsim nyog los siv ib tug khub ntawm turbine compressors (ib lub caij rau txhua kab). Nws yog kev lag luam ntau dua los siv ob qho qauv me me dua li ib chav loj. Lub turbines ntawm cov khoom siv tau txiav txim siab muaj qhov me me:

• impeller diameters - tsis ntau tshaj 61 mm;
• zoo sib xws turbine thiab compressor qhov ntev - 220mm;
• qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub hauv paus yog kwv yees li 7 kg.

Kev siv cov chav sib cog lus no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom lub cev muaj zog nce ntxiv.

Hom thiab chav kawm

Muaj plaub pawg ntawm cov cav uas ua raws li cov qauv ib puag ncig ntawm lub khw niaj hnub. Nyob ntawm cov kev txwv no, hom thiab hom ntawm compressor raug xaiv. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus hauv qab no.

Cav	Euro class	Compressor yam
KAMAZ 740.10 thiab 7403	0	TKR7N-1
KAMAZ 740.11 thiab 740.13	1	TKR7, K27, CZ, Schwitzer
KAMAZ tsheb thauj khoom 740.31-240 / 740.51-320 / 740.30-260 / 740.50-360	2	Tag nrho cov npe saum toj no hloov kho mus rau Euro 2
KAMAZ tsheb thauj khoom 740.37-400 / 740.63-400 / 740.60-360 / 740.62-280 / 740.61-320	3	Models K27-TI thiab Swiss Schwitzer S2B

KAMAZ turbocharger (Euro 4) yog mounted ntawm qee qhov kev hloov kho tsheb. Nws cuam tshuam txog tam sim no nkaus xwb nrog lub cav Cummins, sib txawv hauv kev tsim thiab tsis ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

Producers

Cov khoom siv hauv nqe lus nug yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom tsawg. Ntawm lawv:

1. Lub tuam txhab koom nrog KamAZ tsim cov qauv qauv rau nws cov cav, pheej yig. Hauv qhov kev hloov kho "Euro 0-2".
2. Association "Turbotechnika" (nyob hauv cheeb tsam Moscow, Protvino). Lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov TKR KAMAZ turbochargers ntawm ntau yam qauv.
3. Lub tuam txhab "Turboengineering". Muab cov qauv ntawm K27-TI, cov qauv ntawm "Euro 1" rau "Euro 3".
4. Lub Koom Haum BZA, nyob rau hauv Belarus, muaj cov analogues rau units ntawm TKR7 hom.
5. Czech Hoobkas hauv Strakonice. Cov ntawv luam zoo ntawm K-27 yog tsim los ntawm no, tus nqi yog siab dua me ntsis ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
6. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm German Borg Warner Turbo cov tshuab muag cov tshuab ua kom zoo turbine hauv qab Schwitzer hom.

Rau KamAZ, txhua chav nyob tau nthuav tawm hauv txoj cai lossis sab laug. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog thaum yuav cov khoom, vim tias kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab rov qab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau.

Muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tsis zoo

Vim tuslub cuab yeej yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntxhov siab tseem ceeb, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias sai li sai tau nws tawg. Feem ntau ua txhaum xws li:

1. Roj tsis txaus. Khiav qhuav bearings ua rau kev hloov chaw, uas yog fraught nrog lub log deformations thiab ua tsis tiav ntawm tag nrho chav tsev.
2. Ingress ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws rau hauv cov qauv. Hauv qhov no, ib qho me me los yog shavings los ntawm lub valve lossis piston yuav txaus rau lub rotor kom jam. Feem ntau, xws li ib tug malfunction tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm cov cai. Txawm tias tsoo ib daim ntaub los yog roj hmab ua rau cov hniav ntawm lub caij yuav khoov.
3. Deformation thiab hnav ntawm KamAZ turbocharger gasket. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom tsis raug yuav tsum tau hloov.

Feem ntau, qhov ua rau tsis ua haujlwm yog qhov tsis muaj roj. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim txawm tias tom qab lub cav nres.

Repair Recommendations

Muaj lwm yam laj thawj vim li cas turbine compressors tsis ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, qhov teeb meem yog daws radically - los ntawm kev yuav ib tug tshiab qauv. Txawm hais tias kev kho yuav pheej yig dua, chav tsev rov tsim dua yuav tsis kav ntev, uas yuav xav tau cov nqi ntxiv.

Kho lub cuab yeej yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov feem cuam tshuam rau kev thauj khoom loj. Yog li ntawd, jeweler lub precision yog yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev ua thiab installation ntawm spare qhov chaw. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov cuab yeej siv. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom yuav chav tsev tshiab, vim lawv tus nqi pheej yig. Kev kho ntawm cov analogues kim tsuas yog qee qhov kev ncaj ncees.

Installation

Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus pom zoo rau kev txhim kho KAMAZ turbocharger (Euro 2):

1. Hloov cov roj, cua lim thiab roj lim ua ntej.
2. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov plugs raug tshem tawm ntawm chav tsev.
3. Ua kom huv si tag nrho cov kav dej nkag thiab tawm.
4. Nruab lub gasket tshiab.
5. Ua raws li lub zog nruj uas tau pom zoo los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv.
6. Tom qab pib lub cav, tshawb xyuas lub tshuab nqus dej, ua ntej thauj khoom, cia lub cav tsis ua haujlwm li ob peb feeb.

User tshuaj xyuas

Hauv lawv cov lus teb, cov tswv taw qhia txog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tsim thiab hloov ntawm KamAZ turbine compressor. Chav tsev teev muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xaiv cov qauv tsim nyog, nyob ntawm seb hom lub cev muaj zog. Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog kev tswj xyuas tsis zoo ntawm kev hloov kho hauv tsev, tab sis tus nqi qis qis qhov tsis zoo no.